Combined photothermal ablation and anti-inflammation using ROS-responsive metal-polyphenol nanoplatform for precision therapy of endometriosis

X Y Zhou, Yisha Zheng, Danhong Hu, Jingwei Hu
In: European Cells & Materials · 2026 · vol. 57 · doi:10.22203/ecm.v057a09 · W7166558723
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This study developed a ROS-responsive metal-polyphenol nanoplatform combining photothermal ablation with celecoxib delivery to treat endometriosis, demonstrating effective lesion suppression, reduced fibrosis, and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.

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This study developed a ROS-responsive metal-polyphenol nanoplatform, SC@FEG, by loading the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib into mesoporous silica coated with iron and epigallocatechin gallate. In vitro experiments on ectopic endometrial stromal cells demonstrated that combining this nanoparticle with near-infrared irradiation significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while reducing COX2 expression. In vivo mouse models confirmed that the treatment targeted lesions effectively, inducing local hyperthermia to inhibit growth, promote apoptosis, alleviate fibrosis, and reduce systemic inflammation without causing systemic toxicity. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically investigating a novel photothermal and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach for treating ectopic endometrial tissue.

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Abstract

Background: Endometriosis (EMs) is a prevalent gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue growth and a high-ROS microenvironment. In this study, mesoporous silica (mSiO2) was employed to load the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib (CXB), followed by Fe3+-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) self-assembly to form a metal-polyphenol coating. The efficacy and biosafety of the resulting nanoparticles (SC@FEG) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) were systematically investigated, aiming to achieve precise treatment for EMs. Methods: SC@FEG was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy, and its ROS-responsive release and photothermal performance were examined. In ectopic endometrial stromal cells (eESCs), the effects of SC@FEG combined with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation were assessed via CCK-8, Calcein-AM/PI staining, Transwell assays, and Western blotting. Moreover, an EMs mouse model was established, and lesion-targeted accumulation and heating effects were monitored by infrared thermography. Apoptosis and fibrosis of ectopic lesions were examined by TUNEL and Masson staining, while anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. Biosafety was further assessed by hemolysis testing, histology, and serum biochemistry. Results: SC@FEG displayed stable physicochemical properties, efficient ROS-responsive release, and excellent photothermal conversion. In vitro, SC@FEG with NIR irradiation markedly suppressed eESCs’ proliferation, migration, and invasion, while reducing COX2 expression. In vivo, SC@FEG accumulated in lesions, induced local hyperthermia under laser irradiation, inhibited lesion growth, promoted apoptosis, alleviated fibrosis, and markedly reduced systemic inflammation, without systemic toxicity. Conclusions: SC@FEG represents a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines photothermal ablation and anti-inflammatory drug delivery, providing safe and precise therapy for EMs.
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Abstract

Background: Endometriosis (EMs) is a prevalent gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue growth and a high-ROS microenvironment. In this study, mesoporous silica (mSiO2) was employed to load the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib (CXB), followed by Fe3+-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) self-assembly to form a metal-polyphenol coating. The efficacy and biosafety of the resulting nanoparticles (SC@FEG) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) were systematically investigated, aiming to achieve precise treatment for EMs. Methods: SC@FEG was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy, and its ROS-responsive release and photothermal performance were examined. In ectopic endometrial stromal cells (eESCs), the effects of SC@FEG combined with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation were assessed via CCK-8, Calcein-AM/PI staining, Transwell assays, and Western blotting. Moreover, an EMs mouse model was established, and lesion-targeted accumulation and heating effects were monitored by infrared thermography. Apoptosis and fibrosis of ectopic lesions were examined by TUNEL and Masson staining, while anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. Biosafety was further assessed by hemolysis testing, histology, and serum biochemistry. Results: SC@FEG displayed stable physicochemical properties, efficient ROS-responsive release, and excellent photothermal conversion. In vitro, SC@FEG with NIR irradiation markedly suppressed eESCs’ proliferation, migration, and invasion, while reducing COX2 expression. In vivo, SC@FEG accumulated in lesions, induced local hyperthermia under laser irradiation, inhibited lesion growth, promoted apoptosis, alleviated fibrosis, and markedly reduced systemic inflammation, without systemic toxicity. Conclusions: SC@FEG represents a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines photothermal ablation and anti-inflammatory drug delivery, providing safe and precise therapy for EMs. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

- Endometriosis - cyclooxygenase-2 - celecoxib - ROS sensitive - photothermal therapy

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