Alumina AWJM Surface Roughness Optimization

Alumina AWJM Surface Roughness Optimization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Alumina AWJM Surface Roughness Optimization Yetao Feng, Wei Huang, Xing Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300702/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Abrasive water jet (AWJ) technology is a non-traditional machining method that combines high-pressure water jets with hard abrasive particles. It achieves material cutting, milling, or surface treatment through mechanical erosion caused by high-speed impacts. This technique is particularly effective for processing hard and brittle materials such as alumina ceramics, as it minimizes thermal damage and improves surface integrity. This study investigates the surface roughness of alumina ceramic plates subjected to multiple-pass abrasive water jet milling. First, a multi-pass milling experimental scheme was designed, employing a two-step milling strategy-coarse abrasives for rough machining and fine abrasives for finishing. Subsequently, single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the effects of key parameters-including jet pressure, standoff distance, nozzle traverse speed, lateral feed rate, and abrasive grain size-on surface roughness. A multi-factor orthogonal experiment (using \(\:\text{L}16({4}^{4}\times\:{2}^{1})\) mixed-level orthogonal table) was then designed to optimize process parameters and analyze the relative significance of each factor. Experimental results show that the two-step milling approach significantly reduces surface roughness. Under the optimized parameter combination, the minimum surface roughness Ra values in the x and y directions reached 1.25 \(\:{\mu\:}\text{m}\) and 1.18 \(\:{\mu\:}\text{m}\) , respectively. The optimal parameter ranges were identified as: jet pressure of 240–260 MPa, lateral feed rate of 0.8 mm, standoff distance of 15 mm, nozzle traverse speed of 150 mm/min, and abrasive grain size of 80 mesh. This study provides a theoretical basis and process optimization strategy for efficient, low-damage machining of hard and brittle materials, further expanding the application of abrasive water jet technology in the manufacturing of precision ceramic components. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Alumina ceramics Abrasive water jet Single-factor experiment Orthogonal experiment Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7300702","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":552929932,"identity":"da8f3d77-b041-4d95-adef-3e1644fcf5a3","order_by":0,"name":"Yetao Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Geely University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yetao","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":552929933,"identity":"42f5d80a-7d97-4834-9d6f-362dbe3e040c","order_by":1,"name":"Wei 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16:21:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":686711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AluminaAWJMSurfaceRoughnessOptimizationDataAvailabilityv1.1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7300702/v1_covered_e7c10340-1f8a-456f-a945-6650e5dc2e4c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Alumina AWJM Surface Roughness Optimization","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Alumina ceramics, Abrasive water jet, Single-factor experiment, Orthogonal experiment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300702/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300702/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAbrasive water jet (AWJ) technology is a non-traditional machining method that combines high-pressure water jets with hard abrasive particles. It achieves material cutting, milling, or surface treatment through mechanical erosion caused by high-speed impacts. This technique is particularly effective for processing hard and brittle materials such as alumina ceramics, as it minimizes thermal damage and improves surface integrity. This study investigates the surface roughness of alumina ceramic plates subjected to multiple-pass abrasive water jet milling. First, a multi-pass milling experimental scheme was designed, employing a two-step milling strategy-coarse abrasives for rough machining and fine abrasives for finishing. Subsequently, single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the effects of key parameters-including jet pressure, standoff distance, nozzle traverse speed, lateral feed rate, and abrasive grain size-on surface roughness. A multi-factor orthogonal experiment (using \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{L}16({4}^{4}\\times\\:{2}^{1})\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e mixed-level orthogonal table) was then designed to optimize process parameters and analyze the relative significance of each factor. Experimental results show that the two-step milling approach significantly reduces surface roughness. Under the optimized parameter combination, the minimum surface roughness Ra values in the x and y directions reached 1.25 \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}\\text{m}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and 1.18 \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}\\text{m}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, respectively. The optimal parameter ranges were identified as: jet pressure of 240\u0026ndash;260 MPa, lateral feed rate of 0.8 mm, standoff distance of 15 mm, nozzle traverse speed of 150 mm/min, and abrasive grain size of 80 mesh. This study provides a theoretical basis and process optimization strategy for efficient, low-damage machining of hard and brittle materials, further expanding the application of abrasive water jet technology in the manufacturing of precision ceramic components.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Alumina AWJM Surface Roughness Optimization","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-01 22:16:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300702/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-03T11:05:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-01T06:07:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-29T08:32:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"31423631884583941786076465760269134908","date":"2026-01-22T05:50:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"237085773093418968670745184301186368179","date":"2026-01-22T05:48:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"323629482737734910976089467972889974665","date":"2025-12-02T16:38:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-30T14:11:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12534581320442042945281399466142667864","date":"2025-11-30T14:09:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T08:35:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T12:07:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T12:02:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-11T16:45:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-08-11T16:42:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"db1aa2a3-4e86-4a6e-8cfd-b950e60948a2","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[{"id":58838444,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":58838445,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-03T11:16:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-01 22:16:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7300702","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7300702","identity":"rs-7300702","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}