Knowledge and practice of hospital cleaners towards infection prevention control and associated factors at Jimma medical center, Jimma, southwest Ethiopia

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In Ethiopia, there is a limited study on cleaners' knowledge, practices, and factors hindering good infection prevention control practices. Objective to assess the knowledge and practice of hospital cleaners towards infection prevention control and its associated factors at Jimma Medical Center,Jimma, Ethiopia, 2024. Methodology A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from Maya to June, 2024. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from 422 hospital cleaners. Simple random sampling technique was used as sampling method. The data were entered into EPI Data version 4.6 was used for data entry and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 was used for data analysis. Variables with p-values < 0.25 were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. A significant level was declared at a p-value < 0.05 at Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) on multivariable logistic regression. Result About 268 (63.5%) of the study participants had good knowledge towards infection prevention and control whereas 164 (30.9%) of the study participants had good practices towards infection prevention and control. Age 26–30 years [AOR = 9.104 (4.139–20.025)], age > 31years [AOR: 2.330, 95% CI (1.325–4.097)], working experience of 5–10 [AOR: 2.606, (1.313–5.175)], no perceived stigma [AOR =: 4.089 [1.792–9.330)] and availability of guideline [AOR = 5.115, 95% CI (2.694–9.711)] were factors significantly associated with cleaners’ knowledge. Training [AOR: 7.048, 95% CI (4.088–12.154)], no perceived stigma [AOR = 4.917, 95% CI (1.857–13.015)] and regular safety supervision [AOR = 4.272, 95% CI (2.198–8.305)] were identified significantly associated factors with cleaners’ practice towards infection prevention and control. Conclusion less than two-thirds of study participants had good knowledge and nearly two-fifths had good practice of infection prevention and control respectively. Age, working experience, perceived stigma and presence of guidelines linked to infection prevention knowledge whereas training, perceived stigma and regular safety supervision were associated with practice. Enhancing ongoing training and availing infection prevention guidelines can improve cleaner’s knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control. Infection prevention healthcare cleaner knowledge practice Introductions Infection prevention and control (IPC) encompasses scientifically proven procedures aimed at preventing infections that could harm patients, healthcare providers, and the general public ( 1 ). Clean and safe environment is can be maintained properly by hospital cleaners to prevent hospital related infections and contaminations ( 2 ).The main role of cleaners are to decontaminate ,clean and disinfect contaminated areas like bed sores, sweeping ,dusting ,and mopping of hospitals additionally health care cleaners also a major role to dispose waste, laundry care. Healthcare-associated infections receive great attention only when epidemics might raise otherwise it did not receive adequate attention to mitigate healthcare-associated infections( 3 ). About 3.5% and 12% had reported Hospital acquired infection (HAI) in high income countries ( 4 ). Also available data indicates that in most affluent countries, hospital-associated illnesses account for 3.4–10.9% of deaths; nevertheless, it is suspected that larger rates of HAI occur in developing sub-Saharan African nations, such as Ethiopia. It is known that health care cleaners can make safe environment for patients and health care professionals ,but they are underestimated even their participation in infection prevention and control is not recognized ( 5 , 6 ) . The roles of hospital cleaners’ towards infection prevention practices are poorly understood and they have consistently been disregarded by healthcare professionals as important stakeholders. ( 4 ). Hospital cleaners are the critical first line of defense against healthcare-associated infections and they play a crucial role in IPC ( 6 ). Hospital cleaners lack adequate training, get low salary, receive inadequate cleaning materials and highly stigmatized by patients and other staff ( 7 ).Hospital management also did not give better attention for health care cleaners and their role considered as not formal work and most of them also work as temporary staff that lowers their motivation ( 3 , 8 ). Low adherence rates may have put patients and cleaners at risk for HAIs like TB, HIV, and hepatitis B and many cleaners are currently dealing with hospital-acquired infections and needle stick injuries ( 6 ). Despite Ethiopia's high prevalence of avoidable infectious disease, little research has been done on health care cleaners to assess their knowledge and practice towards infection prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of healthcare cleaners towards infection prevention and associated factors at Jimma Medical Center,Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Study area, study period, and study design The facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Jimma Medical Center Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, from May to June, 2024. Population All hospital cleaners working at Jimma Medical Center was taken as source population and the sampled hospital cleaners available during the study period were taken as a study population. Inclusion and exclusion criteria All cleaners who are working at wards or units in Jimma Medical Center and who have ≥ 6 months of working experience were included in the study. Cleaners who are on sick leave, maternity leave and annual leave were excluded from the study Sample size determination Single population proportional formula was used to determine sample size by considering the following, the proportion of good practice of infection prevention among cleaners 52.3% from a study conducted in Gondar( 9 )and confidence interval a = 95%, degree of precision a = 0.05 and margin of error z = 1.96 Then, a 10% non-response rate was added and gave the final sample size of 422. Sampling procedures All cleaners who have been working in Jimma medical center at each ward were selected by the lottery method. The final sample size was proportionally allocated to each wards/units. Sampling technique A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants by using the cleaner’s registration list as the sampling frame. The first study participants were selected using the lottery method. Study Variables Outcome variable Hospital cleaners knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control Independent variables The independent variables of this study include socio-demographic, behavioral factors and Health system/Organizational factors Operational definitions and definition of terms Hospital cleaners Hospital cleaners are workers responsible for cleaning the interior wards or grounds laborers (exterior grounds ) ( 6 ). Good Knowledge Those participants scored ≥ 70% knowledge questions were considered good knowledge of IPC whereas those participants answered < 70% of knowledge questions were considered poor knowledge of IPC ( 10 ). Poor Practice Those participants scored ≥ 70% practice questions were considered as good practice towards IPC and those participants answered < 70% of practice questions were considered poor practice of IPC ( 10 ). Data collection tools and procedures Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire which was adapted from the previous study ( 8 ). The questionnaire has four domains (socio-demographic (8 items), behavioral and health system domain (14 items), and knowledge and practices of cleaners towards IPC (16 & 10 items respectively)). The English version questionnaire was translated into Afan Oromo language. Data was collected by two BSc nursing students and two MSc adult health nurses, Data quality management The questionnaire was pre-tested on 5%( 21 participants) of the sample size at Shenen Gibe General Hospital. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha test was done to check reliability and resulted in 0.73 (for knowledge) and 0.76 (for practice). After reviewing the result of the pretest, modification of the questionnaire was performed for clarity, sensitivity, and completeness of the questionnaire. Two days training was given for data collectors and data supervisors. Detailed information about the objective of the study was given for all study participants before data collection. Supervisors conducted onsite close supervision to clarify any ambiguity and misunderstanding regarding data collection and communicate with the principal investigator accordingly until the data collection time is completed. At the end of each day, the collected data were checked by supervisors for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data were manually checked and cleaned before importing to a computer for entry and analysis. Data processing and analysis The collected data were checked for completeness. Data was coded, cleaned, and entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25(SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to describe data. Those Independent variables with p-values less than 0.25 on binary logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Variable having a p-value less than 0.05 on multivariable logistic regression with 95% was declared to have a significant association. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test result was 0.485. Multicollinearity was checked using VIF and all variables have VIF of less than 10. Ethical approval Ethical clearance and approval to conduct the study were obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Jimma University, Institute of Health. This study was conducted after ethical approval by IRB of JUIH ( Ref :No :JUIH/IRB/407/23 ). Then a letter was secured from the School of Nursing, Jimma University to the nursing director of Jimma Medical Center to gain official permission. The aim of the study was explained to the participants then informed oral consent was obtained from each study participant. The study participants were informed that they have a right to stop, withdraw, and skip responding to the questions at any time if he/she feels discomfort with questions. All the information was kept confidential at any stage of data collection and analysis. Results 5.1 Socio-demographic characteristics A total of 422 cleaners participated in the study, giving a response rate of 100%. Most of the participants, 401 (95%), were female. More than half, 230(54.5%) of the participants were in the age group of 21 and 25 years old with a mean age of 25.8 ± SD 5.001. The majority of respondents, 230 (54.5%) were married. Regarding educational status, 266 (63%) of the cleaners had completed secondary school. A majority, 316 (74.9%) had less than 5 years of cleaning experience. (Table: 1) 5.2 Behavioral and Hospital-related Factors About 250 (59.2%) of cleaners had taken IPC training. 43(10.2%) reported having a perceived stigma from health professionals or patients. 75 (17.8%) of them indicated that they have regular supervision in their workplace. The majority, 336 (79.6%) of cleaners reported that IPC guidelines were available in their working room/department. The majority, 406(96.2%) of cleaners didn’t have adequate soap and hand rub alcohol in the working environment. (Table: 2) 5.3 Knowledge of Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Among the respondents, 417 (98.6%) of them heard about IPC principles. Among cleaners, 420 (99.3%) of them clearly labelled containers used to store contaminated waste. About 270(64.3%) of study participants were disposed blood soaked materials in red garbage. Among the respondents, 409 (96.7) know wearing PPE (mask, glove, and so on) minimizes healthcare-acquired infections, respectively. Of the respondents, 394 (93.1%) know the procedure of hand washing correctly and about 303 (71.6%) respondents know the use of an alcohol-based antiseptic for hand hygiene is as effective as soap and water if hands are not visibly dirty. Only 183 (43.3%) of them know safety boxes should be ¾ filled before closing and sealing, and merely half 381(90.1%) of cleaners know how to prepare a 0.5% chlorine solution. (Table: 3) 5.4 Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Practice About 391 (92.4%) of the study participants wash their hands with soap or antiseptics after handling medical waste, and 280 (66.4%) wear personal protective equipment (PPE) that is available at work. The workspace was cleaned by more than 378 (89.6%) of the participants using sodium hypochlorite (Breech). And 24 (5.7%) of the total respondents minimized HCAIs by using the relevant IPC guidelines. About 363 (86%) of the cleaners reported an accident involving blood or body fluids during work ( Table 4 ). 5.5 Factors Associated with knowledge of Infection Prevention and controls In the binary logistic regression analysis, age, working hour per day, working experience, training on IPC, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients, regular safety supervision, institution have infection prevention guidelines at the working unit, periodic medical checkup, presence of PPE (water, soap, antiseptics) were variables candidate for multivariable logistic regression with significant factors associated with IPC practice at p-value < 0.25). On multivariable logistic regression age, working experience, Availability of guidelines at the working unit, and perceived stigma from health professionals or patients were factors associated with knowledge of IPC at P-value < 0.05. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners aged between 26–30 were 9.104 times higher than cleaners aged between 21–25 years old [AOR = 9.104 (4.139–20.025)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners aged above 31 were 2.330 times higher than cleaners aged between 21–25 years old [AOR: 2.330(1.325–4.097)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners with work experience of between 5–10 years were 2.606 times higher than those cleaners having work experience less than five years [AOR: 2.606, (1.313–5.175)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC those cleaners who didn’t perceive stigma from health professionals or patients were 4.089 times higher than those who perceived stigma [AOR =: 4.089 [1.792–9.330)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners working in a unit having infection prevention guidelines were 5.115 times higher than those cleaners who were working in a unit that had no infection prevention guidelines [AOR: 5.115(2.694–9.711)]. ( Table:5 ) 5.6 Factors Associated with Infection Prevention and Control Practice In the binary logistic regression analysis, sex, age, marital status, educational status, working experience, training on infection prevention control, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients, regular safety supervision, periodic medical checkups, facility have personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics) and knowledge were candidate variable for multiple logistic regression with p-value < 0.25. On multivariable logistic regression training on infection prevention control, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients and regular safety supervision were significantly associated with the practice of infection prevention and control. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners no perceived stigma from health professionals or patients is 4.917 times higher than those have perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients [AOR = 4.917, 95% CI (2.857–13.015)]. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners who have taken training on infection prevention control is 7.048 times higher than those cleaners who have not taken training [AOR = 7.048, 95% (4.088–12.154)]. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners who have regular safety supervision is 4.272 times higher than those cleaners who have not got regular supervision [AOR = 4.272, 95% CI (2.198–8.305)].( Table:6 ) Discussion The current study revealed that 268(63.5%) [95% CL: 58.8–67.5] of the participants had good knowledge towards infection prevention and control. This study finding was higher than the result of the study conducted in Gondar 186(47.7%), Rwanda (9.7%) and South Africa (50%) ( 3 , 8 , 11 ). This discrepancy could be due to differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants like the educational level in which most of the study participants were involved. The discrepancy might be due to the study area and sample size. The study in Gondar City was carried out on eight public health centers, one hospital and 47 private facilities ( 11 ). The study in Rwanda used a small sample size. However, the current study had lower results compared to the study conducted in Lebanon (98%), and Sierra Leone 77.2 ( 3 , 11 ). This difference could be due to the study area, data collection method and study population. The study conducted in Lebanon used an online survey to collect the data, this might decrease face-to-face interaction bias and the study in Sierra Leone used an observational checklist to collect data in addition to interviews. The current study also revealed that 164(38.9%) [95% CL: 33.9–43.4] of the participants had good practices towards infection prevention and control. This finding showed that there are gaps in the practice of IPC among healthcare cleaners. Neglecting to take necessary action could have long-term consequences on their social, economic, physical, and psychological well-being, ultimately affecting their quality of life and productivity. The findings of the present study were higher than the result of a study conducted in Uganda (30.8%), Rwanda (2.2%), Nigeria (8.3%) and Idi Arabia, 11.1%( 3 ). This difference may be due to the difference in study period, sample size, and study setting. Furthermore, the discrepancy may result from different cut points used to determine the level of knowledge measuring tool; in our study, we used 70% as the cut-off point, whereas Addis Ababa research utilized 75%. The findings of this study were lower than the result of a study conducted in Namibia 55%, Sierra Leone (53.3%), South Africa (57%), and Gondar (52.3%) ( 3 , 8 , 12 , 13 ). This discrepancy may result from variations in educational backgrounds or socio-demographic factors, such as disparities in the quality of education or differences in the availability of hospital equipment and caregivers. Other potential factors to consider include sample size, sampling technique, study setting, and study design differences. The finding of this study is in line with the study done in AA (35.7%), and Uganda (37%) Variables like age, working unit, working experience, presence of infection prevention guidelines and perceived stigma from health professionals or patients were factors associated with knowledge of infection prevention and control. The odds of having good knowledge of infection prevention and control for those cleaners aged 26–30 is 9.104 times higher than those aged 21–25 years. The possible explanation for discrepancy can be explained by the fact that as the age increases the cleaners can develop their knowledge level through daily working experience and also working with other high-ranking cleaners and become knowledgeable. This finding is supported by a study done in Debre Markos ( 7 ). Hospital cleaners who have work experience of 5–10 years were more likely to have good knowledge than hospital cleaners who have work experience of less than or equal to five years. The positive association can be enlightened that those who serve for a long period can develop a high level of experience by practicing their regular duty frequently than those who have no experience or junior level cleaners and as the number of years of service increases, healthcare cleaners repeatedly adhere to infection prevention principles and became more experienced. This finding is supported by a study done in Debre Markos, Rwanda ( 7 , 14 ). Finally, hospital cleaners who have guidelines on infection prevention in the working unit were more likely to have good knowledge than those who have no access to infection prevention guidelines. This association could be explained to those cleaners presence of prevention guidelines, they can get updated information about infection prevention methods and they can apply it to their daily activities. This study is in line with ( 7 ). Also, hospital cleaners who have not perceived stigma were more likely to have good knowledge than those who have perceived stigma. This study is supported study done in South Africa ( 15 ). Those hospital cleaners who received training on infection prevention were more likely to practice good infection prevention and control than those hospital cleaners who didn’t receive training on infection prevention control. This could be explained that cleaners who have received training on infection prevention have updated infection prevention principles and become motivated to practice infection prevention in their daily activities. This study is in line with a study done, by Debra Markos, Gondar, Namibia, South Africa. ( 7 , 16 – 19 ) Hospital cleaners who have not perceived stigma were more likely to practice good infection prevention practice control than those hospital cleaners who have perceived stigma. This can be explained that cleaners see themselves as unprofessional staff, underpaid staff and feel ashamed of their work. Finally, Hospital cleaners who have regular safety supervision were more likely to practice good infection prevention practice control than those hospital cleaners who do not have regular safety supervision. This could be explained that cleaners who have received ongoing supervision on infection prevention have more adherences to infection prevention principles and become more in practicing infection prevention and control. This study is supported by a study done in South Africa ( 18 ). Limitation of this study Temporal relationship between the explanatory and outcome variables of infection prevention knowledge and practice could not be identified because of the cross-sectional nature of the study design. Additionally, this study only included cleaners from Jimma Medical Center, leaving out cleaners from other public and private healthcare facilities. Lastly this study also not supported by qualitative data, especially on cleaners' opinions and experiences with infection control and prevention. Conclusions Nearly two-thirds and two-thirds of study participants had good knowledge and good practice of infection prevention and control respectively. It was found that age, working experience, availability of infection guidelines, and perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients were significantly associated with knowledge of infection prevention and control. Training, perceived stigma from health care workers, and regular safety supervision were factors associated with infection prevention and control practices. Recommendations The following recommendations are suggested based on key findings of this study. To the Jimma University Medical center The provision of training and availing infection prevention guidelines is very imperative to improve the cleaner’s knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control. To healthcare cleaners and hospitals involved in the study Awareness creation is very mandatory to address the cleaners’ perceived stigma on infection prevention and control methods. Hospital cleaners should receive regular safety supervision on infection prevention and control from relevant stakeholders. To Researchers It is advised to conduct qualitative studies to produce more detailed information on infection prevention perceptions and experience. Also subsequent studies should look at the hospital cleaners’ motivational factors that may promote the better management of infection prevention and control practices. Abbreviations CDC- Center for Disease Control, EUCDC- European Center Disease Control, FMOH- Federal Ministry of Health, HCF- Health Care Facility, HAIs-Hospital Acquired Infections, HBV-Hepatitis B Virus, HCV-Hepatitis C Virus, HIV-Human Immune Deficiency Virus, IP-Infection Prevention, JUMC – Jimma University Medical Center, KP-Knowledge and Practice, LMICs-Low and Middle-Income Countries, MDROs-Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms, NGO-Non Governmental Organization, NHS-National Health Service, NI-Nosocomial Infection, PPE-Personal Protective Equipment, SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Science, SD- Standard Deviation, TB-Tuberculosis Bacteria, USA-United State America, WHO-World Health Organization Declarations Acknowledgments The authors would like to pass our appreciation to Jimma University for the approval of ethical clearance and other necessary support. We would like to thank data collectors, supervisors and study participants. Data availability The data used to support the findings of this study are included in the article and it’s supporting information files. Funding This study was funded by Jimma University that was used mainly for the data collection process . Consent for publication All authors have read and agreed for the publication of the manuscript. Competing interests All authors have declared no competing interests. Authors’ Contributions STB was involved in designing the study, data collection, data analysis, drafting, and critically reviewing the manuscript. Similarly, WW was involved in designing the study, analysis of the data, and critically reviewing the manuscript. IA, AWH and TBG were involved in conceptualization of the title, data analysis and commented on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Clinical trail number Not applicable References Tolera ST, Assefa N, Geremew A, Toseva E, Gobena T. 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Tables Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422) Variables Variable(s) Categories Frequency(N) Percentage (%) Sex Male 21 5.0 Female 401 95.0 Age 21–25 230 54.5 26–30 85 20.1 > 31 107 25.4 Marital status Single 178 42.2 Married 230 54.5 Widowed 11 2.6 Divorced 3 0.7 Educational status Unable to read and write 32 7.6 Primary school 124 29.4 Secondary school and above 266 63.0 Monthly income in ETB 3500 21 5.0 Working experience in year 10 17 4 Working units OPD 17 4 OR 24 5.7 Psychiatry 16 3.8 LAB. 41 9.7 EMERGENCY 27 6.4 If others specify (Gyn, Maternity, I PD, Pedi, and NICU, Ophthalmology, Pharmacy and Oncology) 297 70.4 Working hours per day Less than or equal to 8 hrs. 388 91.9 Greater than 8 hrs. 34 8.1 Total 422 100.0 Table 2 Behavioral and Organizational Characteristics of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422) Variable Category Frequency Percentage Did you take training on infection prevention control? Yes 250 59.2 No 172 40.8 Does your institution have an infection prevention control committee? Yes 202 47.9 No 220 52.1 Did you participate in the infection prevention control committee? Yes 198 46.9 No 224 53.1 Have you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients? Yes 43 10.2 No 379 89.8 Did you have regular safety supervision? Yes 75 17.8 No 347 82.2 Did your institution have infection prevention guidelines at the working unit? Yes 336 79.6 No 86 20.4 Did you have periodic medical checkups? Yes 126 29.9 No 296 70.1 Does your institution have personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics)? Yes 16 3.8 No 406 96.2 Total 422 100.0 Table 3 Knowledge of Infection Prevention and Control of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422) Variable Category Frequency Percent Do you know about IPC principles? Yes 417 98.7 No 5 1.3 If yes, Where did you hear? Radio 13 3.1 TV 45 10.8 Health professions 66 15.8 Training 293 70.3 Do you clearly label or designate receptacles or containers used to store contaminated waste? Yes 420 99.5 No 2 0.5 If yes, where do you dispose of blood-soaked materials? Red garbage 270 64.3 Black garbage 75 17.8 Yellow garbage 73 17.4 Other specified 2 0.5 Where is non-infectious waste (e.g., paper, food remains, and unsoiled Plaster of Paris) usually disposed of? Red garbage 5 1.2 Black garbage 215 51.1 Yellow garbage 198 47.3 Other specify 2 0.4 If yes, what precautions do you use to dispose of healthcare waste? Standard surgical masks 14 3.3 Thick utility gloves 19 4.5 Fluid-proof shoes or shoe covers 1 0.2 Standard surgical masks, Thick utility gloves and Fluid resistant gowns 32 7.6 Thick utility gloves, Fluid resistant gowns and Fluid-proof shoes or shoe covers 356 84.4 What is the correct disinfectant or which one do you use? Breech 49 11.6 Liquid soap 21 5.0 Breech and Liquid Soap 352 83.4 Do you know wearing PPE (mask, glove, and so on) minimizes healthcare-acquired infections? Yes 409 96.9 No 13 3.1 Do you know nosocomial infections can be transmitted through blood and body fluid contamination? Yes 243 57.6 No 179 42.4 Do you know the procedure of hand washing correctly? Yes 394 93.4 No 28 6.6 Which antiseptic do you use during hand washing to prevent healthcare-acquired infections? Soap 413 97.9 Alcohol-based antiseptics 9 2.1 When do you wash your hands? Before cleaning 14 3.4 After cleaning 304 72 Before and After cleaning 104 24.6 Do you know the use of an alcohol-based antiseptic for hand hygiene is as effective as soap and water if hands are not visibly dirty? Yes 303 71.9 No 119 28.1 Do you know when the safety box should be closed/sealed? When three-quarters are filled 183 43.4 When half of the safety box is filled 126 29.8 When the safety box is filled 113 26.8 Do you know how to prepare 0.5 chlorine solution? Yes 381 90.3 No 41 9.7 Table 4 Infection Prevention and Control Practice of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422) Variable Category Frequency Percentage (%) Do you wash your hands with antiseptics/soap after handling medical waste? Yes 391 92.6 No 31 7.4 Do you dry your hands properly to prevent recontamination? Yes 344 81.5 No 78 18.5 Do you keep your nails short, clean, and polish-free? Yes 364 86.3 No 58 13.7 Do you wear PPE available at the workplace to prevent the risk of acquiring infection? Yes 280 66.4 No 142 33.6 Do you change working clothes after work? Yes 389 92.2 No 33 7.8 Do you apply disinfectants like sodium hypochlorite (Breech) to clean working rooms? Yes 378 89.6 No 44 10.4 Did you mix dry and liquid healthcare wastes? Yes 138 32.7 No 284 67.3 Have you received vaccines (HBV) to prevent healthcare-acquired infections? Yes 62 14.7 No 360 85.3 Do you use available IPC guidelines/manuals at the workplace to minimize healthcare transmitting infection? Yes 24 5.7 No 398 94.3 Do you report the injury or accidental exposure to blood and bodily fluids to the concerned body? Yes 363 86.0 No 59 14.0 Table 5 Factors Associated with knowledge of Infection Prevention and control of hospital Cleaners Working at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422) Variables Category Knowledge of IPC COR with 95% Cl AOR with 95% CI P-value Good (n = 268) Poor (n = 154) Sex Male 11 10 1 1 Female 153 248 .561(.233-1.352) 1.277(0.460–3.541) 0.639 Age 21–25 125 105 1 1 26–30 70 15 3.920(2.119–7.251) 9.104(4.139–20.025) 0.000 > 31 73 34 1.804(1.113–2.922) 2.330(1.325–4.097) 0.003 Working hours per day Less than or equal to 8 hrs 153 235 1 1 Greater than 8 hrs 11 23 0.323(0.157–0.665) 0.442(0.182–1.076) 0.072 Working experience 10 10 7 0.776(0.292–2.065) 0.885(0.299–2.623) 0.826 Did you take training on infection prevention control Yes 132 118 1 1 No 32 140 0.407(0.271–0.612) 0.625(0.386–1.013) 0.056 Have you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients Yes 7 36 1 1 No 157 222 4.746(2.392–9.417) 4.089(1.792–9.330) 0.001 Did you have regular safety supervision Yes 34 39 0.458(0.276–0.758) 0.613(0.337–1.114) 0.108 No 123 224 1 1 Did your facility have infection prevention guidelines at the working Yes 130 206 4.247(2.579–6.994) 5.115(2.694–9.711) 0.000 No 34 52 1 1 Did you have periodic medical checkup Yes 55 71 0.748(0.488–1.148) 0.947(0.560–1.603) 0.840 No 109 187 1 1 Presence of personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics Yes 7 9 1 1 No 157 247 0.576(0.216-1,120) 2.083(0.581–7.466) 0.260 Table 6 Factors Associated with Infection Prevention and Control Practice of Hospital Cleaners Working at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N = 422). Variables Category IPC Practice COR with 95% Cl AOR with 95% CI P-value Good (n = 164) Poor(n = 258) Sex of cleaner Male 11 10 1 1 Female 153 248 0.561(0.233–1.352) 0.541(0.197–1.490) 0.235 Age of cleaner 21–25 87 143 1 1 26–30 45 40 1.849(1.119–3.056) 1.304(0.691–2.463) 0.413 > 31 32 75 0.701(0.429–1.147) 0.563(0.314–1.007) 0.053 Educational status Unable to read and write 9 23 1 1 Primary school 48 76 1.614(0.689–3.781) 1.661(0.593–4.649) 0.334 Secondary school and above 107 159 1.720(0.766–3.861) 1.989(0.742–5.332) 0.172 Working experience 10 7 10 1.015(0.376–2.735) 0.461(0.134–1.582) 0.218 Marital status of the cleaner Single 81 97 1 1 Married 80 150 0.639(0.428–0.954) 0.738(0.452–1.207) 0.226 Widowed 3 8 0.449(0.115–1.748) 0.483(0.106–2.214) 0.349 Divorced 0 3 0.000(0.000) 0.000(0.000) 0.999 Did you take training on infection prevention control Yes 132 118 4.894(3.098–7.732) 7.048(4.088–12.154) 0.000 No 32 140 1 1 Have you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients Yes 7 36 1 1 No 157 222 3.637(1.578–8.383) 4.917(1.857–13.015) 0.001 Did you have regular safety supervision Yes 41 34 2.196(1.325–3.639) 4.272(2.198–8.305) 0.000 No 123 224 1 1 Did you have periodic medical checkups Yes 55 71 1.329(0.870–2.031) 1.542(0.917–2.593) 0.103 No 109 187 1 1 Presence of personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics) Yes 7 9 1.234(0.450–3.379) 1.952(0.573–6.648) 0.285 No 157 224 1 1 Total Knowledge Question Good 49 115 1 1 Poor 105 153 1.611(1.062–2.443) 1.403(0.817–2.407) 0.219 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Balcha","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBAYGGTDjAxCzsRNQzcPAzMDwAEQDAeMMkBZmIrQwwrQwQ0gCWuzZzx/8kPDHhodf7PCxxza/tsnzAc348DEHjy08ycwSiW1pPJKz09KNc/tuG7YxMzBLztyGz2HJDBKJDYd5DG7nmEnn9txmBGphY+bFp4X/MfOPhD9QLZY9t+0Ja5FIZpNIYINqYfhxO5GwlhuPzSygfkmT7G24ndzGzNiM1y/s/YmPb/74YyPHL518TOLHn9u289ubD374iEcLKmBsA5MNxKoHgT+kKB4Fo2AUjIKRAgCQ+0kAHKI1wAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Jimma Town Health Bureau","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Solomon","middleName":"Tesfaye","lastName":"Balcha","suffix":""},{"id":521516610,"identity":"4ff42eed-a93f-4c0d-9062-47ee997a1e02","order_by":1,"name":"Wadu Wolancho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jimma 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Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introductions","content":"\u003cp\u003eInfection prevention and control (IPC) encompasses scientifically proven procedures aimed at preventing infections that could harm patients, healthcare providers, and the general public (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Clean and safe environment is can be maintained properly by hospital cleaners to prevent hospital related infections and contaminations (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).The main role of cleaners are to decontaminate ,clean and disinfect contaminated areas like bed sores, sweeping ,dusting ,and mopping of hospitals additionally health care cleaners also a major role to dispose waste, laundry care. Healthcare-associated infections receive great attention only when epidemics might raise otherwise it did not receive adequate attention to mitigate healthcare-associated infections(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout 3.5% and 12% had reported Hospital acquired infection (HAI) in high income countries (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Also available data indicates that in most affluent countries, hospital-associated illnesses account for 3.4\u0026ndash;10.9% of deaths; nevertheless, it is suspected that larger rates of HAI occur in developing sub-Saharan African nations, such as Ethiopia. It is known that health care cleaners can make safe environment for patients and health care professionals ,but they are underestimated even their participation in infection prevention and control is not recognized (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe roles of hospital cleaners\u0026rsquo; towards infection prevention practices are poorly understood and they have consistently been disregarded by healthcare professionals as important stakeholders. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Hospital cleaners are the critical first line of defense against healthcare-associated infections and they play a crucial role in IPC (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Hospital cleaners lack adequate training, get low salary, receive inadequate cleaning materials and highly stigmatized by patients and other staff (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).Hospital management also did not give better attention for health care cleaners and their role considered as not formal work and most of them also work as temporary staff that lowers their motivation (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Low adherence rates may have put patients and cleaners at risk for HAIs like TB, HIV, and hepatitis B and many cleaners are currently dealing with hospital-acquired infections and needle stick injuries (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite Ethiopia's high prevalence of avoidable infectious disease, little research has been done on health care cleaners to assess their knowledge and practice towards infection prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of healthcare cleaners towards infection prevention and associated factors at Jimma Medical Center,Southwest Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy area, study period, and study design\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Jimma Medical Center Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, from May to June, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePopulation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll hospital cleaners working at Jimma Medical Center was taken as source population and the sampled hospital cleaners available during the study period were taken as a study population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll cleaners who are working at wards or units in Jimma Medical Center and who have \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6 months of working experience were included in the study. Cleaners who are on sick leave, maternity leave and annual leave were excluded from the study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample size determination\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle population proportional formula was used to determine sample size by considering the following, the proportion of good practice of infection prevention among cleaners 52.3% from a study conducted in Gondar(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)and confidence interval a\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95%, degree of precision a\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05 and margin of error z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen, a 10% non-response rate was added and gave the final sample size of 422.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll cleaners who have been working in Jimma medical center at each ward were selected by the lottery method. The final sample size was proportionally allocated to each wards/units.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSampling technique\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants by using the cleaner\u0026rsquo;s registration list as the sampling frame. The first study participants were selected using the lottery method.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Variables\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eOutcome variable\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital cleaners knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eIndependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe independent variables of this study include socio-demographic, behavioral factors and Health system/Organizational factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eOperational definitions and definition of terms\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHospital cleaners\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital cleaners are workers responsible for cleaning the interior wards or grounds laborers (exterior grounds ) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood Knowledge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThose participants scored\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;70% knowledge questions were considered good knowledge of IPC whereas those participants answered\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;70% of knowledge questions were considered poor knowledge of IPC (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoor Practice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThose participants scored\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;70% practice questions were considered as good practice towards IPC and those participants answered\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;70% of practice questions were considered poor practice of IPC (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData collection tools and procedures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire which was adapted from the previous study (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). The questionnaire has four domains (socio-demographic (8 items), behavioral and health system domain (14 items), and knowledge and practices of cleaners towards IPC (16 \u0026amp; 10 items respectively)). The English version questionnaire was translated into Afan Oromo language. Data was collected by two BSc nursing students and two MSc adult health nurses,\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData quality management\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was pre-tested on 5%( 21 participants) of the sample size at Shenen Gibe General Hospital. In addition, Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha test was done to check reliability and resulted in 0.73 (for knowledge) and 0.76 (for practice). After reviewing the result of the pretest, modification of the questionnaire was performed for clarity, sensitivity, and completeness of the questionnaire. Two days training was given for data collectors and data supervisors. Detailed information about the objective of the study was given for all study participants before data collection. Supervisors conducted onsite close supervision to clarify any ambiguity and misunderstanding regarding data collection and communicate with the principal investigator accordingly until the data collection time is completed. At the end of each day, the collected data were checked by supervisors for completeness, accuracy and consistency. Data were manually checked and cleaned before importing to a computer for entry and analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData processing and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe collected data were checked for completeness. Data was coded, cleaned, and entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25(SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to describe data. Those Independent variables with p-values less than 0.25 on binary logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Variable having a p-value less than 0.05 on multivariable logistic regression with 95% was declared to have a significant association. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test result was 0.485. Multicollinearity was checked using VIF and all variables have VIF of less than 10.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Ethical clearance and approval to conduct the study were obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Jimma University, Institute of Health. This study was conducted after ethical approval by IRB of JUIH (\u003cb\u003eRef :No :JUIH/IRB/407/23\u003c/b\u003e). Then a letter was secured from the School of Nursing, Jimma University to the nursing director of Jimma Medical Center to gain official permission. The aim of the study was explained to the participants then informed oral consent was obtained from each study participant. The study participants were informed that they have a right to stop, withdraw, and skip responding to the questions at any time if he/she feels discomfort with questions. All the information was kept confidential at any stage of data collection and analysis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.1 Socio-demographic characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 422 cleaners participated in the study, giving a response rate of 100%. Most of the participants, 401 (95%), were female. More than half, 230(54.5%) of the participants were in the age group of 21 and 25 years old with a mean age of 25.8\u0026thinsp;\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;SD 5.001. The majority of respondents, 230 (54.5%) were married. Regarding educational status, 266 (63%) of the cleaners had completed secondary school. A majority, 316 (74.9%) had less than 5 years of cleaning experience. \u003cb\u003e(Table: 1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.2 Behavioral and Hospital-related Factors\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout 250 (59.2%) of cleaners had taken IPC training. 43(10.2%) reported having a perceived stigma from health professionals or patients. 75 (17.8%) of them indicated that they have regular supervision in their workplace. The majority, 336 (79.6%) of cleaners reported that IPC guidelines were available in their working room/department. The majority, 406(96.2%) of cleaners didn\u0026rsquo;t have adequate soap and hand rub alcohol in the working environment.\u003cb\u003e(Table: 2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.3 Knowledge of Infection Prevention and Control Assessment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the respondents, 417 (98.6%) of them heard about IPC principles. Among cleaners, 420 (99.3%) of them clearly labelled containers used to store contaminated waste. About 270(64.3%) of study participants were disposed blood soaked materials in red garbage. Among the respondents, 409 (96.7) know wearing PPE (mask, glove, and so on) minimizes healthcare-acquired infections, respectively. Of the respondents, 394 (93.1%) know the procedure of hand washing correctly and about 303 (71.6%) respondents know the use of an alcohol-based antiseptic for hand hygiene is as effective as soap and water if hands are not visibly dirty. Only 183 (43.3%) of them know safety boxes should be \u0026frac34; filled before closing and sealing, and merely half 381(90.1%) of cleaners know how to prepare a 0.5% chlorine solution. \u003cb\u003e(Table: 3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.4 Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Practice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout 391 (92.4%) of the study participants wash their hands with soap or antiseptics after handling medical waste, and 280 (66.4%) wear personal protective equipment (PPE) that is available at work. The workspace was cleaned by more than 378 (89.6%) of the participants using sodium hypochlorite (Breech). And 24 (5.7%) of the total respondents minimized HCAIs by using the relevant IPC guidelines. About 363 (86%) of the cleaners reported an accident involving blood or body fluids during work (\u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/b\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.5 Factors Associated with knowledge of Infection Prevention and controls\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the binary logistic regression analysis, age, working hour per day, working experience, training on IPC, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients, regular safety supervision, institution have infection prevention guidelines at the working unit, periodic medical checkup, presence of PPE (water, soap, antiseptics) were variables candidate for multivariable logistic regression with significant factors associated with IPC practice at p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.25).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn multivariable logistic regression age, working experience, Availability of guidelines at the working unit, and perceived stigma from health professionals or patients were factors associated with knowledge of IPC at P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners aged between 26\u0026ndash;30 were 9.104 times higher than cleaners aged between 21\u0026ndash;25 years old [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.104 (4.139\u0026ndash;20.025)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners aged above 31 were 2.330 times higher than cleaners aged between 21\u0026ndash;25 years old [AOR: 2.330(1.325\u0026ndash;4.097)].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners with work experience of between 5\u0026ndash;10 years were 2.606 times higher than those cleaners having work experience less than five years [AOR: 2.606, (1.313\u0026ndash;5.175)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC those cleaners who didn\u0026rsquo;t perceive stigma from health professionals or patients were 4.089 times higher than those who perceived stigma [AOR =: 4.089 [1.792\u0026ndash;9.330)]. The odds of having good knowledge of IPC of those cleaners working in a unit having infection prevention guidelines were 5.115 times higher than those cleaners who were working in a unit that had no infection prevention guidelines [AOR: 5.115(2.694\u0026ndash;9.711)]. (\u003cb\u003eTable:5\u003c/b\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.6 Factors Associated with Infection Prevention and Control Practice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the binary logistic regression analysis, sex, age, marital status, educational status, working experience, training on infection prevention control, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients, regular safety supervision, periodic medical checkups, facility have personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics) and knowledge were candidate variable for multiple logistic regression with p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.25. On multivariable logistic regression training on infection prevention control, perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients and regular safety supervision were significantly associated with the practice of infection prevention and control. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners no perceived stigma from health professionals or patients is 4.917 times higher than those have perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.917, 95% CI (2.857\u0026ndash;13.015)]. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners who have taken training on infection prevention control is 7.048 times higher than those cleaners who have not taken training [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.048, 95% (4.088\u0026ndash;12.154)]. The odds of having good practice of infection prevention and control of those cleaners who have regular safety supervision is 4.272 times higher than those cleaners who have not got regular supervision [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.272, 95% CI (2.198\u0026ndash;8.305)].(\u003cb\u003eTable:6\u003c/b\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study revealed that 268(63.5%) [95% CL: 58.8\u0026ndash;67.5] of the participants had good knowledge towards infection prevention and control. This study finding was higher than the result of the study conducted in Gondar 186(47.7%), Rwanda (9.7%) and South Africa (50%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). This discrepancy could be due to differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants like the educational level in which most of the study participants were involved. The discrepancy might be due to the study area and sample size. The study in Gondar City was carried out on eight public health centers, one hospital and 47 private facilities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). The study in Rwanda used a small sample size.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, the current study had lower results compared to the study conducted in Lebanon (98%), and Sierra Leone 77.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). This difference could be due to the study area, data collection method and study population. The study conducted in Lebanon used an online survey to collect the data, this might decrease face-to-face interaction bias and the study in Sierra Leone used an observational checklist to collect data in addition to interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe current study also revealed that 164(38.9%) [95% CL: 33.9\u0026ndash;43.4] of the participants had good practices towards infection prevention and control. This finding showed that there are gaps in the practice of IPC among healthcare cleaners. Neglecting to take necessary action could have long-term consequences on their social, economic, physical, and psychological well-being, ultimately affecting their quality of life and productivity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of the present study were higher than the result of a study conducted in Uganda (30.8%), Rwanda (2.2%), Nigeria (8.3%) and Idi Arabia, 11.1%(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). This difference may be due to the difference in study period, sample size, and study setting. Furthermore, the discrepancy may result from different cut points used to determine the level of knowledge measuring tool; in our study, we used 70% as the cut-off point, whereas Addis Ababa research utilized 75%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study were lower than the result of a study conducted in Namibia 55%, Sierra Leone (53.3%), South Africa (57%), and Gondar (52.3%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). This discrepancy may result from variations in educational backgrounds or socio-demographic factors, such as disparities in the quality of education or differences in the availability of hospital equipment and caregivers. Other potential factors to consider include sample size, sampling technique, study setting, and study design differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The finding of this study is in line with the study done in AA (35.7%), and Uganda (37%) Variables like age, working unit, working experience, presence of infection prevention guidelines and perceived stigma from health professionals or patients were factors associated with knowledge of infection prevention and control. The odds of having good knowledge of infection prevention and control for those cleaners aged 26\u0026ndash;30 is 9.104 times higher than those aged 21\u0026ndash;25 years. The possible explanation for discrepancy can be explained by the fact that as the age increases the cleaners can develop their knowledge level through daily working experience and also working with other high-ranking cleaners and become knowledgeable. This finding is supported by a study done in Debre Markos (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital cleaners who have work experience of 5\u0026ndash;10 years were more likely to have good knowledge than hospital cleaners who have work experience of less than or equal to five years. The positive association can be enlightened that those who serve for a long period can develop a high level of experience by practicing their regular duty frequently than those who have no experience or junior level cleaners and as the number of years of service increases, healthcare cleaners repeatedly adhere to infection prevention principles and became more experienced. This finding is supported by a study done in Debre Markos, Rwanda (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Finally, hospital cleaners who have guidelines on infection prevention in the working unit were more likely to have good knowledge than those who have no access to infection prevention guidelines. This association could be explained to those cleaners presence of prevention guidelines, they can get updated information about infection prevention methods and they can apply it to their daily activities. This study is in line with (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso, hospital cleaners who have not perceived stigma were more likely to have good knowledge than those who have perceived stigma. This study is supported study done in South Africa (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThose hospital cleaners who received training on infection prevention were more likely to practice good infection prevention and control than those hospital cleaners who didn\u0026rsquo;t receive training on infection prevention control. This could be explained that cleaners who have received training on infection prevention have updated infection prevention principles and become motivated to practice infection prevention in their daily activities. This study is in line with a study done, by Debra Markos, Gondar, Namibia, South Africa. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17 CR18\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital cleaners who have not perceived stigma were more likely to practice good infection prevention practice control than those hospital cleaners who have perceived stigma. This can be explained that cleaners see themselves as unprofessional staff, underpaid staff and feel ashamed of their work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, Hospital cleaners who have regular safety supervision were more likely to practice good infection prevention practice control than those hospital cleaners who do not have regular safety supervision. This could be explained that cleaners who have received ongoing supervision on infection prevention have more adherences to infection prevention principles and become more in practicing infection prevention and control. This study is supported by a study done in South Africa (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLimitation of this study\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTemporal relationship between the explanatory and outcome variables of infection prevention knowledge and practice could not be identified because of the cross-sectional nature of the study design. Additionally, this study only included cleaners from Jimma Medical Center, leaving out cleaners from other public and private healthcare facilities. Lastly this study also not supported by qualitative data, especially on cleaners' opinions and experiences with infection control and prevention.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eNearly two-thirds and two-thirds of study participants had good knowledge and good practice of infection prevention and control respectively. It was found that age, working experience, availability of infection guidelines, and perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients were significantly associated with knowledge of infection prevention and control. Training, perceived stigma from health care workers, and regular safety supervision were factors associated with infection prevention and control practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRecommendations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe following recommendations are suggested based on key findings of this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTo the Jimma University Medical center\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e The provision of training and availing infection prevention guidelines is very imperative to improve the cleaner\u0026rsquo;s knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTo healthcare cleaners and hospitals involved in the study\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eAwareness creation is very mandatory to address the cleaners\u0026rsquo; perceived stigma on infection prevention and control methods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital cleaners should receive regular safety supervision on infection prevention and control from relevant stakeholders.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTo Researchers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is advised to conduct qualitative studies to produce more detailed information on infection prevention perceptions and experience. Also subsequent studies should look at the hospital cleaners\u0026rsquo; motivational factors that may promote the better management of infection prevention and control practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCDC- Center for Disease Control, EUCDC- European Center Disease Control, FMOH- Federal Ministry of Health, HCF- Health Care Facility, HAIs-Hospital Acquired Infections, HBV-Hepatitis B Virus, HCV-Hepatitis C Virus, HIV-Human Immune Deficiency Virus, IP-Infection Prevention, JUMC \u0026ndash; Jimma University Medical Center, KP-Knowledge and Practice, LMICs-Low and Middle-Income Countries, MDROs-Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms, NGO-Non Governmental Organization, NHS-National Health Service, NI-Nosocomial Infection, PPE-Personal Protective Equipment, SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Science, SD- Standard Deviation, TB-Tuberculosis Bacteria, USA-United State America, WHO-World Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to pass our appreciation to Jimma University for the approval of ethical clearance and other necessary support. We would like to thank data collectors, supervisors and study participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data used to support the findings of this study are included in the article and it\u0026rsquo;s supporting information files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by Jimma University that was used mainly for the data collection process\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have read and agreed for the publication of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have declared no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSTB was involved in designing the study, data collection, data analysis, drafting, and critically reviewing the manuscript. Similarly, WW was involved in designing the study, analysis of the data, and critically reviewing the manuscript. IA, AWH and TBG were involved in conceptualization of the title, data analysis and commented on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trail number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTolera ST, Assefa N, Geremew A, Toseva E, Gobena T. Compliance and determinants of infection prevention and control practices among sanitary workers in public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Heal Sci Rep. 2024;7(8).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHayley Elling N, Behnke JM, Tseka H, Kafanikhale I, Mofolo I, Hoffman F, Reuland. 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Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://journal.sapub.org/ijpt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://journal.sapub.org/ijpt\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiner CA, Ismaila EL, Omeiza DS, Ejinmah BC, Akims ND. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital waste disposal among cleaners in a tertiary health institution in Plateau State, Nigeria. Highl Med Res. 2021;21(1):11\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorku T, Tadele A. Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Associated Factors Towards Infection Prevention Among Cleanners Working In Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November To June 2019. 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesfaye AH, Mekonnen TH, Desye B, Yenealem DG. Infection Prevention and Control Practices and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Cleaners in Gondar City: An Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey in Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023;16:1317\u0026ndash;30.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeta MR. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of General Assistants Towards Infection Control At Letaba Hospital. 2014;(November).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeurtze EO. Hospital cleaners \u0026rsquo; knowledge, attitude and practices and the influence of training regarding cleaning roles in two government hospitals in the Erongo Region, Namibia. 2022;1\u0026ndash;54.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSocio-Demographic Characteristics of hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422) Variables\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable(s)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategories\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFrequency(N)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSex\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e401\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e95.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAge\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u0026ndash;25\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e230\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26\u0026ndash;30\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e107\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarital status\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSingle\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e178\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarried\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e230\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWidowed\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDivorced\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEducational status\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUnable to read and write\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePrimary school\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e124\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSecondary school and above\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e266\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e63.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMonthly income in ETB\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2500\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e229\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2500\u0026ndash;3500\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e172\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3500\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking experience in year\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e316\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u0026ndash;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking units\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOPD\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOR\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePsychiatry\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLAB.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEMERGENCY\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e27\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIf others specify (Gyn, Maternity, I PD, Pedi, and NICU, Ophthalmology, Pharmacy and Oncology)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e297\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking hours per day\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLess than or equal to 8 hrs.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e388\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e91.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGreater than 8 hrs.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e422\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e100.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBehavioral and Organizational Characteristics of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePercentage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you take training on infection prevention control?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e250\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e172\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDoes your institution have an infection prevention control committee?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e202\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e220\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you participate in the infection prevention control committee?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e198\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e224\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e43\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e379\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have regular safety supervision?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e75\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e347\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e82.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid your institution have infection prevention guidelines at the working unit?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e336\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e79.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have periodic medical checkups?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e126\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e296\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDoes your institution have personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics)?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e406\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e422\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e100.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eKnowledge of Infection Prevention and Control of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePercent\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know about IPC principles?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e417\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e98.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIf yes, Where did you hear?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadio\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTV\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHealth professions\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTraining\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e293\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you clearly label or designate receptacles or containers used to store contaminated waste?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e420\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e99.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIf yes, where do you dispose of blood-soaked materials?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRed garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e270\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBlack garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e75\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYellow garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e73\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOther specified\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhere is non-infectious waste (e.g., paper, food remains, and unsoiled Plaster of Paris) usually disposed of?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRed garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBlack garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e215\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYellow garbage\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e198\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOther specify\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIf yes, what precautions do you use to dispose of healthcare waste?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStandard surgical masks\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eThick utility gloves\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFluid-proof shoes or shoe covers\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStandard surgical masks, Thick utility gloves and Fluid resistant gowns\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eThick utility gloves, Fluid resistant gowns and Fluid-proof shoes or shoe covers\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e356\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e84.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhat is the correct disinfectant or which one do you use?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBreech\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLiquid soap\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBreech and Liquid Soap\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e352\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e83.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know wearing PPE (mask, glove, and so on) minimizes healthcare-acquired infections?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e409\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know nosocomial infections can be transmitted through blood and body fluid contamination?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e243\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e179\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know the procedure of hand washing correctly?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e394\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e93.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhich antiseptic do you use during hand washing to prevent healthcare-acquired infections?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSoap\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e413\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e97.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAlcohol-based antiseptics\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhen do you wash your hands?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBefore cleaning\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAfter cleaning\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e304\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBefore and After cleaning\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e104\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know the use of an alcohol-based antiseptic for hand hygiene is as effective as soap and water if hands are not visibly dirty?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e303\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e71.9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e119\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know when the safety box should be closed/sealed?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhen three-quarters are filled\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e183\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e43.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhen half of the safety box is filled\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e126\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhen the safety box is filled\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e113\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you know how to prepare 0.5 chlorine solution?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e381\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e90.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInfection Prevention and Control Practice of Hospital Cleaners Working in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you wash your hands with antiseptics/soap after handling medical waste?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e391\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e92.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you dry your hands properly to prevent recontamination?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e344\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e78\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you keep your nails short, clean, and polish-free?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e364\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you wear PPE available at the workplace to prevent the risk of acquiring infection?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e280\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e142\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you change working clothes after work?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e389\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e92.2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you apply disinfectants like sodium hypochlorite (Breech) to clean working rooms?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e378\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89.6\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you mix dry and liquid healthcare wastes?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e138\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e284\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you received vaccines (HBV) to prevent healthcare-acquired infections?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e62\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e360\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you use available IPC guidelines/manuals at the workplace to minimize healthcare transmitting infection?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e398\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e94.3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDo you report the injury or accidental exposure to blood and bodily fluids to the concerned body?\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e363\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactors Associated with knowledge of Infection Prevention and control of hospital Cleaners Working at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariables\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eKnowledge of IPC\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCOR with 95% Cl\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAOR with 95% CI\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eP-value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eGood (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;268)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePoor (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;154)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSex\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e153\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e248\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.561(.233-1.352)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.277(0.460\u0026ndash;3.541)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.639\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAge\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u0026ndash;25\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e125\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e105\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26\u0026ndash;30\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.920(2.119\u0026ndash;7.251)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.104(4.139\u0026ndash;20.025)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e73\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.804(1.113\u0026ndash;2.922)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.330(1.325\u0026ndash;4.097)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.003\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking hours per day\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLess than or equal to 8 hrs\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e153\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e235\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGreater than 8 hrs\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.323(0.157\u0026ndash;0.665)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.442(0.182\u0026ndash;1.076)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.072\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking experience\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;/=5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e187\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e129\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u0026ndash;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.922(1.645\u0026ndash;5.188)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.606(1.313\u0026ndash;5.175)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.006\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.776(0.292\u0026ndash;2.065)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.885(0.299\u0026ndash;2.623)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.826\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you take training on infection prevention control\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e132\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e118\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e140\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.407(0.271\u0026ndash;0.612)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.625(0.386\u0026ndash;1.013)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.056\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e157\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e222\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.746(2.392\u0026ndash;9.417)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.089(1.792\u0026ndash;9.330)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have regular safety supervision\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.458(0.276\u0026ndash;0.758)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.613(0.337\u0026ndash;1.114)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.108\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e123\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e224\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid your facility have infection prevention guidelines at the working\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e130\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e206\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.247(2.579\u0026ndash;6.994)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.115(2.694\u0026ndash;9.711)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have periodic medical checkup\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e71\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.748(0.488\u0026ndash;1.148)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.947(0.560\u0026ndash;1.603)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.840\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e109\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e187\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePresence of personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e157\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e247\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.576(0.216-1,120)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.083(0.581\u0026ndash;7.466)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.260\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactors Associated with Infection Prevention and Control Practice of Hospital Cleaners Working at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024 (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;422).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariables\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIPC Practice\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCOR with 95% Cl\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAOR with 95% CI\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eP-value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eGood (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;164)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePoor(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;258)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSex of cleaner\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e153\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e248\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.561(0.233\u0026ndash;1.352)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.541(0.197\u0026ndash;1.490)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.235\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAge of cleaner\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u0026ndash;25\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e87\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e143\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26\u0026ndash;30\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.849(1.119\u0026ndash;3.056)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.304(0.691\u0026ndash;2.463)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.413\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e75\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.701(0.429\u0026ndash;1.147)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.563(0.314\u0026ndash;1.007)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.053\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEducational status\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUnable to read and write\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePrimary school\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e76\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.614(0.689\u0026ndash;3.781)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.661(0.593\u0026ndash;4.649)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.334\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSecondary school and above\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e107\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e159\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.720(0.766\u0026ndash;3.861)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.989(0.742\u0026ndash;5.332)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.172\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking experience\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;/=5\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e129\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e187\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u0026ndash;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.665(0.403\u0026ndash;1.098)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.513(0.263-1.000)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.050\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.015(0.376\u0026ndash;2.735)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.461(0.134\u0026ndash;1.582)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.218\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarital status of the cleaner\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSingle\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e97\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarried\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e80\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e150\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.639(0.428\u0026ndash;0.954)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.738(0.452\u0026ndash;1.207)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.226\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWidowed\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.449(0.115\u0026ndash;1.748)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.483(0.106\u0026ndash;2.214)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.349\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDivorced\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000(0.000)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000(0.000)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.999\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you take training on infection prevention control\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e132\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e118\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.894(3.098\u0026ndash;7.732)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.048(4.088\u0026ndash;12.154)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e140\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you ever perceived stigma from Health professionals or patients\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e157\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e222\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.637(1.578\u0026ndash;8.383)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.917(1.857\u0026ndash;13.015)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have regular safety supervision\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.196(1.325\u0026ndash;3.639)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.272(2.198\u0026ndash;8.305)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e123\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e224\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid you have periodic medical checkups\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e71\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.329(0.870\u0026ndash;2.031)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.542(0.917\u0026ndash;2.593)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.103\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e109\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e187\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePresence of personal protection equipment (water, soap, antiseptics)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.234(0.450\u0026ndash;3.379)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.952(0.573\u0026ndash;6.648)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.285\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e157\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e224\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal Knowledge Question\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGood\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e115\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePoor\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e105\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e153\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.611(1.062\u0026ndash;2.443)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.403(0.817\u0026ndash;2.407)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.219\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Infection prevention, healthcare cleaner, knowledge, practice","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7551365/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7551365/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHospital-associated infections are continued to be a worldwide problem. In Ethiopia, there is a limited study on cleaners' knowledge, practices, and factors hindering good infection prevention control practices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eto assess the knowledge and practice of hospital cleaners towards infection prevention control and its associated factors at Jimma Medical Center,Jimma, Ethiopia, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from Maya to June, 2024. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from 422 hospital cleaners. Simple random sampling technique was used as sampling method. The data were entered into EPI Data version 4.6 was used for data entry and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 was used for data analysis. Variables with p-values \u0026lt; 0.25 were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. A significant level was declared at a p-value \u0026lt; 0.05 at Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) on multivariable logistic regression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResult\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout 268 (63.5%) of the study participants had good knowledge towards infection prevention and control whereas 164 (30.9%) of the study participants had good practices towards infection prevention and control. Age 26–30 years [AOR = 9.104 (4.139–20.025)], age \u0026gt; 31years [AOR: 2.330, 95% CI (1.325–4.097)], working experience of 5–10 [AOR: 2.606, (1.313–5.175)], no perceived stigma [AOR =: 4.089 [1.792–9.330)] and availability of guideline [AOR = 5.115, 95% CI (2.694–9.711)] were factors significantly associated with cleaners’ knowledge. Training [AOR: 7.048, 95% CI (4.088–12.154)], no perceived stigma [AOR = 4.917, 95% CI (1.857–13.015)] and regular safety supervision [AOR = 4.272, 95% CI (2.198–8.305)] were identified significantly associated factors with cleaners’ practice towards infection prevention and control.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eless than two-thirds of study participants had good knowledge and nearly two-fifths had good practice of infection prevention and control respectively. Age, working experience, perceived stigma and presence of guidelines linked to infection prevention knowledge whereas training, perceived stigma and regular safety supervision were associated with practice. Enhancing ongoing training and availing infection prevention guidelines can improve cleaner’s knowledge and practice towards infection prevention and control.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge and practice of hospital cleaners towards infection prevention control and associated factors at Jimma medical center, Jimma, southwest Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-29 16:08:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7551365/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"98a76938-a247-4c24-ac54-5972b658b0c8","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T11:24:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-29 16:08:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7551365","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7551365","identity":"rs-7551365","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}