Mediastinal Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Children - A Multidisciplinary Approach

Mediastinal infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remain an exceedingly rare entity. Most cases in the published literature do not include paediatric patients. Due to their clinical infrequency, poor response to antimicrobial therapy and often precarious anatomical location, the treatment of these lesions presents a challenge. We present four cases of mediastinal NTM infection treated successfully by a multi-disciplinary team approach within a tertiary paediatric centre. All four children had extensive evaluation and ultimately had their disease debulked via thoracotomy in addition to prolonged anti-mycobacterial therapy, with successful clinical outcomes.