Distinct Patterns of Problematic Smartphone Use: A Latent Profile Analysis Among Chinese College Students

Background: This study aimed to categorize different subgroups of problematic smartphone use among Chinese college students. Differences in gender and psychosocial characteristics of the categorized groups were also examined. Methods: : A total of 1,123 participants completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale (MPAI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we identified different subgroups of problematic smartphone use among college students. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine the relationship between latent classes and demographic, psychosocial covariates. Results: : Four latent classes were identified: a low-risk group, a moderate-risk with no evasiveness group, a moderate-risk with evasiveness group, and high-risk group that accounted for 11.0%, 24.1%, 35.5%, and 29.4% of the total sample, respectively. Further analysis revealed that compared with the “low-risk” class, the other three classes differed significantly with respect to gender and prevalence of depression. Conclusions: : Classifying college students based on features of problematic smartphone use is potentially useful for understanding risk factors and developing targeted prevention and intervention programs.