Syn III as a novel regulator of rTMS-induced emotional modulation in the prefrontal cortex under simulated space composite environment

Syn III as a novel regulator of rTMS-induced emotional modulation in the prefrontal cortex under simulated space composite environment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Syn III as a novel regulator of rTMS-induced emotional modulation in the prefrontal cortex under simulated space composite environment Rong Liang, Lianghui Meng, Xiaohui Liu, JiBin Zhu, Ling Wang, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6026592/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Molecular Psychiatry → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Emotional state is a critical indicator of astronaut performance during long-duration space missions, significantly impacting both mission efficiency and post-mission adaptation to life on Earth. In this context, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may serve as a valuable tool for studying the psychological changes induced by the space environment. By combining whole-brain imaging, finite element model, cerebral blood flow imaging, genomics, and molecular validation, we tried to identify potential regulatory targets and their cofactors involved in rTMS-mediated improvement of emotional abnormalities under simulated spaceflight conditions. We identified the activation patterns of brain-wide neurons in simulated space composite environment (SSCE), particularly the reduced neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). rTMS could activate PFC neurons and, on a macro scale, alleviate abnormal cortical hemodynamics. Importantly, synapsin III (Syn III) is a key candidate for rTMS-mediated improvement of emotional abnormalities under SSCE, acting in coordination with proteins such as MAPK, PSD95, and NR2B. Our work not only advances the understanding of spaceflight-associated neuropsychiatric risks but also establishes a molecular framework for developing targeted neuromodulation strategies in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Biological sciences/Molecular biology Biological sciences/Genetics Biological sciences/Biological techniques Simulated space composite environment Emotional abnormalities Finite element model Hemodynamics Prefrontal cortex Genomics Syn III Full Text Additional Declarations The authors have declared there is NO conflict of interest to disclose Supplementary Files Supplementaryinformation202502.pdf Supplementary information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Molecular Psychiatry → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: revise 16 Jun, 2025 Review # 2 received at journal 22 May, 2025 Review # 3 received at journal 19 May, 2025 Review # 1 received at journal 18 May, 2025 Reviewer # 3 agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 05 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 Feb, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Feb, 2025 Unknown event 14 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6026592","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":452201947,"identity":"e29ad270-58e4-44b8-b0ea-bbd0bdc29639","order_by":0,"name":"Rong 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