Anxiety Disorders: Psychological and Theological Perspectives; Concepts, Etiology, Symptoms, Treatment and Prognosis

This paper examines Anxiety Disorders through theological and psychological frameworks, defining them as conditions of excessive fear and worry affecting a significant global population. The theological perspective frames anxiety as a spiritual issue, often rooted in a lack of faith or peace (shalom), existential distress, or guilt. Treatment involves religious practices (e.g., prayer, devotion) and community support, which can aid coping. Conversely, the psychological perspective employs empirical science, tracing the etiology to a complex interplay of biological (heredity, neurochemistry), environmental (trauma), and psychological (cognitive biases) factors. Psychological symptoms are classified in the DSM-5 (e.g., panic, generalised worry). Treatment is primarily evidence-based, dominated by Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy (e.g., SSRIs). Despite historical and ongoing connections, examining both conceptual outlines, etiologies, symptoms, treatments, and prognoses provides a more holistic understanding of this complex human experience.