Task-relevant object shape properties act as poor but viable cues for the attribution of motor errors to external objects

ABSTRACT When a context change is detected during motor learning, motor memories - internal models for executing movements within some context - may be created or existing motor memories may be activated and modified. Assigning credit to plausible causes of errors can allow for fast retrieval and activation of a motor memory, or a combination of motor memories, when the presence of such causes is detected. Features of the movement-context intrinsic to the movement dynamics, such as posture of the end effector, are often effective cues for detecting context change whereas features extrinsic to the movement dynamics, such as the colour of an object being moved, are often not. These extrinsic cues are typically not relevant to the motor task at hand and can be safely ignored by the motor system. We conducted two experiments testing if extrinsic but task-relevant object-shape cues during an object- transport task can act as viable contextual cues for error assignment to the object, and the creation of new, object-shape-associated motor memories. In the first experiment we find that despite the object- shape cues, errors are primarily attributed to the hand transporting the object. In a second experiment, we find that although participants can execute differing movements cued by the object shape in a dual adaptation task, they primarily use explicit strategies to do so.