Oral Health and Dietary Habits Before and After the COVID-19 Restrictions: An Observational Study

Background: The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020 led to the widespread suspension of clinical practices worldwide, including dentistry. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these restrictions on oral health and dietary habits. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Egas Moniz University Clinic (Lisbon Metropolitan Area), covering the period from June 2019 to June 2021. A total of 3,380 participants were included and categorized into two cohorts: pre- and post-COVID-19 restrictions. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire assessing oral health behaviors and dietary habits. Results: Out of 3,469 incoming patients, 3,380 met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant post-lockdown changes were observed in body mass index, smoking status, oral hygiene behaviors, and specific dietary patterns such as tobacco and honey consumption, there was a decreased use of dental floss, mouthwash and altered tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: COVID-19-related restrictions had an unequal impact on oral health and dietary behaviors in the studied population, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies to mitigate the effects of such disruptions on vulnerable groups.