Correlations of Horizontal and Vertical Spectral Accelerations for the Chilean Subduction Zone

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0
📄 Open PDF Full text JSON View at publisher
Full text 21,504 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Correlations of Horizontal and Vertical Spectral Accelerations for the Chilean Subduction Zone | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Correlations of Horizontal and Vertical Spectral Accelerations for the Chilean Subduction Zone Rodrigo Rojas, Alexis Carranza, Pablo Heresi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study develops parametric models for the correlation between vertical and horizontal components of spectral accelerations in the Chilean subduction zone. The models are based on seismic records from national databases and recent ground motion models developed for the region. The effects of magnitude, distance, site conditions, and model selection on correlations are evaluated and found to be negligible, supporting the use of a simplified formulation. The proposed models are compared to existing models developed for other regions, showing significant differences, especially for inslab earthquakes. Despite these differences, the impact on practical applications is limited due to the low sensitivity of hazard estimates to variations in correlation at low correlation values. The results are suitable for use in seismic hazard analyses that incorporate vertical ground motion, enabling more comprehensive assessments for structures sensitive to this component. The study highlights the importance of developing region-specific models and identifies future needs, including expanding local ground motion models to additional intensity measures and refining correlation functions to better capture differences between interface and inslab events. Spectral acceleration correlations vertical ground motions subduction earthquakes ground motion models Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 27 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8434382","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":575541875,"identity":"e13a6eef-f00a-4e7d-8285-54f660baf51b","order_by":0,"name":"Rodrigo Rojas","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0978-7725","institution":"Universidad de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rodrigo","middleName":"","lastName":"Rojas","suffix":""},{"id":575541876,"identity":"9702c847-b39d-4368-9c44-5d224a675986","order_by":1,"name":"Alexis Carranza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María: Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexis","middleName":"","lastName":"Carranza","suffix":""},{"id":575541877,"identity":"2f905284-959d-427a-b827-47bc8c47fe20","order_by":2,"name":"Pablo Heresi","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-0621","institution":"Universidad de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pablo","middleName":"","lastName":"Heresi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-23 13:47:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100658815,"identity":"8d3216c6-dbcc-4499-9d0c-4eb6be586e03","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:50","extension":"xml","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8661,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"beeeBEEED2501233.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/664bb36c74803db5f52ab4f6.xml"},{"id":100658816,"identity":"763cc0cf-58bb-4925-a6ad-d620e7d00c69","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:50","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":964,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED250123322519.go.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/545d9a47f1840eba4aeb1db2.xml"},{"id":100658623,"identity":"f7c39df5-52b9-443e-9fc7-cde2c5658049","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:35","extension":"xml","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED2501233Import.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/4c7416df411a9994098ae826.xml"},{"id":100658490,"identity":"c94f1327-e728-4fe1-9bb9-e36c48d58475","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:19:10","extension":"xml","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":121603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED25012330enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/c43022c82bc87fb29367d510.xml"},{"id":100658802,"identity":"d1d8ade6-2c4f-4d09-84c1-a57d0d1bc102","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:37","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":567037,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/db537888e62f6005779ac23b.png"},{"id":100658894,"identity":"a36c9025-d52a-4abe-ab5c-5dd7365dd7a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:03","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1419181,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/9fc95a188d051f22b7daf8d0.png"},{"id":100658731,"identity":"d9badb5f-9062-4f49-b7bb-af745794eb03","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:36","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1568923,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/d5ee92cbdcb96f87df52e57b.png"},{"id":100658445,"identity":"4a3c1076-d5f2-4c0c-b7db-8fa79751d60e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:18:37","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":608857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/f1a7d14e13de8e2c96f61ef0.png"},{"id":100658573,"identity":"e3309a84-4e02-447e-8804-b793ee160a71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:09","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":585182,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/77a45ff1408a2494c3744028.png"},{"id":100658898,"identity":"4d5e4d94-5eea-435a-9865-0bc48145fe12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:12","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":213005,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/9e39a13324ae8e491895b281.png"},{"id":100658533,"identity":"c628ce1a-d50b-47a1-9103-2b7922e6b67c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:19:14","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":591393,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/db57d51a83016c376ae8c585.png"},{"id":100658897,"identity":"1238224a-77e8-4da5-a88a-10e4e0c8c50e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:10","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":48472,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/ce9385b93bb105a7750f5a09.png"},{"id":100658803,"identity":"c1456fc3-bcda-4732-a60a-53e83fe5a4e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:42","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":770699,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/5e2deadb3434ff4aad3abb92.png"},{"id":100658574,"identity":"4dd0e1d7-51b6-41d2-b108-d61894cdb367","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:09","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":132083,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/cb12195caebf00da0d2a4987.png"},{"id":100658621,"identity":"8088c671-590c-4f07-9de9-2b06f5da13f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:24","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":311118,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/dc2b19e085de39ab67ee567d.png"},{"id":100658880,"identity":"4c2220c6-5fde-413a-9c79-2f029e7bcf56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:00","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":282270,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/31cb0ee5a0254428df3a6dc1.png"},{"id":100658579,"identity":"e31be7a4-3883-42a3-9060-9aa551832efc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:15","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":125737,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/fbf5a5f2e3ea5efbb68f1e79.png"},{"id":100658568,"identity":"874ad8ea-92a5-43a5-afea-963758e63c06","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:19:57","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":141323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/f2d97771d2daf835f4b95b64.png"},{"id":100658833,"identity":"1f87eaf8-cece-4257-ba2a-45b4681ad35b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:57","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":83552,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/4e284c1b35960c03b07756ce.png"},{"id":100658911,"identity":"b97c5706-8681-4e68-beb9-e8c70691e161","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:15","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":132460,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/111f393bd13c0594becb47f7.png"},{"id":100658577,"identity":"3fa3d4e0-a5b7-43d9-a4fa-f81c5d33cc30","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:13","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":25343,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/a0b76601020c9b312bddd6dc.png"},{"id":100658895,"identity":"64535d45-10ea-4ee6-8778-3821b0b73bc9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:21:04","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":122116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/8778ae30bc08eaea29a1e0d6.png"},{"id":100658572,"identity":"8ab651a8-5a15-4b9f-ae7f-e817edd11985","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:07","extension":"xml","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":120712,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED25012330structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/5d5ebb5b04231b1e264538cc.xml"},{"id":100658570,"identity":"72afa366-605c-4d31-bb11-e15699999c7b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:20:00","extension":"html","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":144522,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1/0ce3d3453875717484e41d60.html"},{"id":100660467,"identity":"6b40c72f-8a1c-48c8-a3f4-ce1107604faa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-20 08:38:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1395409,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CorrelationsofHorizontalandVerticalSaFINAL.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8434382/v1_covered_2884d1b9-bb08-4d7b-a571-5eceaa427436.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Correlations of Horizontal and Vertical Spectral Accelerations for the Chilean Subduction Zone","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bulletin-of-earthquake-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"beee","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/10518)","snPcode":"10518","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10518/3","title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Spectral acceleration correlations, vertical ground motions, subduction earthquakes, ground motion models","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study develops parametric models for the correlation between vertical and horizontal components of spectral accelerations in the Chilean subduction zone. The models are based on seismic records from national databases and recent ground motion models developed for the region. The effects of magnitude, distance, site conditions, and model selection on correlations are evaluated and found to be negligible, supporting the use of a simplified formulation. The proposed models are compared to existing models developed for other regions, showing significant differences, especially for inslab earthquakes. Despite these differences, the impact on practical applications is limited due to the low sensitivity of hazard estimates to variations in correlation at low correlation values. The results are suitable for use in seismic hazard analyses that incorporate vertical ground motion, enabling more comprehensive assessments for structures sensitive to this component. The study highlights the importance of developing region-specific models and identifies future needs, including expanding local ground motion models to additional intensity measures and refining correlation functions to better capture differences between interface and inslab events.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Correlations of Horizontal and Vertical Spectral Accelerations for the Chilean Subduction Zone","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-20 07:49:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8434382/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-01-26T15:04:07+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-16T10:54:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","date":"2025-12-27T09:59:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-26T03:37:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","date":"2025-12-24T11:40:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bulletin-of-earthquake-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"beee","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/10518)","snPcode":"10518","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10518/3","title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5d2b3cc4-9fc2-4bd7-8d33-ab29130a3774","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 20th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-13T10:21:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-20 07:49:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8434382","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8434382","identity":"rs-8434382","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2026) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-28T02:00:01.590549+00:00
License: CC-BY-4.0