Fuzzy Mixed Method for Sustainability Assessment of Independent Smallholders’ Oil Palm Plantation Business

Fuzzy Mixed Method for Sustainability Assessment of Independent Smallholders’ Oil Palm Plantation Business | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fuzzy Mixed Method for Sustainability Assessment of Independent Smallholders’ Oil Palm Plantation Business Safriyana Safriyana This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In terms of productivity and economic benefits, oil palm plantations, particularly those managed by independent smallholders, exhibit rapid development. The urgency of addressing the oil palm plantation sector is highlighted by the disparities in quality and productivity experienced by independent smallholders. Additionally, sustainability issues are crucial due to market concerns about agricultural practices and certification requirements, which demand continuous traceability. The research objectives aimed to model sustainability evaluation using the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) standard as the national benchmark. This study designed an adaptive assessment and improvement model specifically for independent smallholders. The methodology included (1) a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis to evaluate sustainability performance and (2) an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to integrate the overall sustainability index. Nineteen indicators of sustainability were categorized into six dimensions: environmental, economic, social, technological, policy, and institutional. The results indicated the following sustainability levels for the independent smallholder plantations: 39.54% for environmental, 43.21% for economic, 42.82% for social, 42.93% for technological, 42.17% for policy, and 41.66% for institutional dimensions. The aggregated sustainability index showed an overall sustainability rate of 42.09%, reflecting a less sustainable condition. Recommendations for improving sustainability are provided based on the specific indicators evaluated. ANFIS independent smallholder ISPO multidimensional scaling oil palm sustainability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5647553","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":391440923,"identity":"05264261-9f0a-4188-a8ae-db28f016310c","order_by":0,"name":"Safriyana Safriyana","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Prasetiya Mulya","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Safriyana","middleName":"","lastName":"Safriyana","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-15 13:08:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":72066681,"identity":"45a4db04-db80-4d0b-b52a-b0ad6794a0a3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-21 12:23:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":978505,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"12112024FinalSubmitPublikasiKeberlanjutan.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5647553/v1_covered_38254511-a0bd-4618-bd0a-5831536590fb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Fuzzy Mixed Method for Sustainability Assessment of Independent Smallholders’ Oil Palm Plantation Business","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"ANFIS, independent smallholder, ISPO, multidimensional scaling, oil palm sustainability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn terms of productivity and economic benefits, oil palm plantations, particularly those managed by independent smallholders, exhibit rapid development. The urgency of addressing the oil palm plantation sector is highlighted by the disparities in quality and productivity experienced by independent smallholders. Additionally, sustainability issues are crucial due to market concerns about agricultural practices and certification requirements, which demand continuous traceability. The research objectives aimed to model sustainability evaluation using the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) standard as the national benchmark. This study designed an adaptive assessment and improvement model specifically for independent smallholders. The methodology included (1) a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis to evaluate sustainability performance and (2) an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to integrate the overall sustainability index. Nineteen indicators of sustainability were categorized into six dimensions: environmental, economic, social, technological, policy, and institutional. The results indicated the following sustainability levels for the independent smallholder plantations: 39.54% for environmental, 43.21% for economic, 42.82% for social, 42.93% for technological, 42.17% for policy, and 41.66% for institutional dimensions. The aggregated sustainability index showed an overall sustainability rate of 42.09%, reflecting a less sustainable condition. Recommendations for improving sustainability are provided based on the specific indicators evaluated.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Fuzzy Mixed Method for Sustainability Assessment of Independent Smallholders’ Oil Palm Plantation Business","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-19 08:05:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5647553/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"47898353-7612-4475-8c34-335e632e42b3","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 19th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-21T12:23:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-19 08:05:50","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5647553","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5647553","identity":"rs-5647553","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}