Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Multifactorial Disorder: The Interplay of Genetic Factors and Inflammation

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulty with social communication, behavior, and sensory integration. With its prevalence rising worldwide in recent decades, understanding and mitigating the origins of ASD has become a priority. Though its etiology is multifactorial, current research highlights two major contributors: genetic susceptibilities and environmental inflammatory exposures leading to oxidative stress during critical developmental periods. We explore how genetic variations, particularly those affecting cerebral folate metabolism, and various inflammatory triggers intersect to influence the development of ASD, each giving rise to specific symptoms seen in autism.