Flood characteristics and risk analysis in small watersheds on the Loess Plateau under extreme heavy rainfall

Flood characteristics and risk analysis in small watersheds on the Loess Plateau under extreme heavy rainfall | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Flood characteristics and risk analysis in small watersheds on the Loess Plateau under extreme heavy rainfall Muhammad Imran, Jingming Hou, Tian Wang, Qingshi Zhou, Donglai Li, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4502650/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Natural Hazards → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Climate change disrupts the hydrological cycle of river basins, leading to irregularities in rainfall patterns that can cause devastating floods. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, GPU Accelerated Surface Water Flow and Transport was employed to simulate the process of flood progression in a small watershed during periods of heavy rainfall. The objective of this study was to examine the flood characteristics of these basins. Hydraulic properties of typical cross-sections were calculated for rainfall recurrence intervals of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 years, and a thorough assessment of flood vulnerability in the watershed was conducted. The results suggest that the rate of increase in the highest flood level is highest at the 500 year return period for all sections, reaching a value of 51.38%. However, during the span of the 1000 year return period, the growth rate undergoes a decrease to 7.61%. The flood peak growth rate exhibits an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease as the rainfall return period increases. The maximum increase in water level for each cross-section is less than the corresponding rise in flood peak. The magnitude of floods in the watershed remains relatively consistent despite a larger recurrence interval. To maximize the socio-economic benefits, it is recommended to determine the dimensions of new road and railway bridge culverts in this small watershed according to the flood peak that happens once every 500 years. The research findings serve as vital resources for examining the reaction of small watersheds to heavy rainfall and evaluating flood control technologies. Flood characteristics GAST model Heavy rainfall Loess plateau Peak flow growth rate Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Natural Hazards → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 02 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 30 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 30 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4502650","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":308754856,"identity":"8a098bfe-c595-4062-a649-c369b3419551","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Imran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Imran","suffix":""},{"id":308754857,"identity":"581789e5-515e-43aa-a1d2-e3f1109a034b","order_by":1,"name":"Jingming 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