WITHDRAWN: Environmental Adaptation Driven by Dynamic Water–Soil Coupling: Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age Settlement Patterns on the Chengdu Plain (4500–1200 cal BP)

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7177418/v1

WITHDRAWN: Environmental Adaptation Driven by Dynamic Water–Soil Coupling: Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age Settlement Patterns on the Chengdu Plain (4500–1200 cal BP)

2025 · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7177418/v1

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0

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Abstract

Abstract Background:Understanding dynamic settlement adaptations under extreme hydrological stress is a central theme in landscape ecology. The Neolithic–Bronze Age settlement cluster of the Chengdu Plain (4500–1200 BP) offers an ideal case for decoding human settlement strategies in a monsoonal flood-basin system. Objectives: To reveal the spatial trajectory of settlement adaptation to hydrological landscapes and to quantify the coupled “landform–soil–hydrology” driving mechanisms. Methods: A 30 m DEM, palaeochannel reconstructions and pedological data were integrated in a GIS-based spatially explicit model to quantify the co-location of twelve representative sites against multiple environmental covariates. Soil mechanical tests (shear strength, plasticity index) and stratigraphic correlations from excavation reports were used for cross-validation. Results: (1) Early phase (Baodun culture): settlements selected secondary fluvial terraces, constructing earthen walls on clay-loam soils (15–25 % clay) but remained within back-swamp zones vulnerable to overbank flooding. (2) Mid phase (Gaoshan/Yandian): relocation to mountain-front cols (>15° slope) enhanced runoff evacuation; col corridors balanced resource access with flood buffering while soil clay contents were maintained at ~25 %. (3) Sanxingdui phase: occupation of high-clay (>28 %) terraces at the margin of the Tuojiang backwater, where a natural clay–gravel aquitard–aquifer sequence, together with a 1.5 km setback from the palaeochannel, substantially reduced hydrological risk. (4) Late phase (Shierqiao): penetration into low-elevation hinterlands, relying on stable minor tributaries (~0.5 km distance) and continuous clay belts while abandoning walled enclosures.The key constraint is the plasticity gradient of soils (15–45 % clay) governing engineering resilience, with col drainage efficiency and backwater-margin positioning jointly constituting a natural buffering system. Conclusions: Through iterative learning, the ancient Shu developed a hierarchical “landform–soil–hydrology” coupled adaptive model. Their resilience strategy—leveraging natural processes such as col barriers, clay engineering and secondary channels—provides a Nature-based Solution (NbS) reference for contemporary flood-plain planning.

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WITHDRAWN: Environmental Adaptation Driven by Dynamic Water–Soil Coupling: Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age Settlement Patterns on the Chengdu Plain (4500–1200 cal BP) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article WITHDRAWN: Environmental Adaptation Driven by Dynamic Water–Soil Coupling: Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age Settlement Patterns on the Chengdu Plain (4500–1200 cal BP) Wang Yan¹, Wang Fang², Li Chaoyang³ This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7177418/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Editorial Note The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author. Editorial notes are used to provide important context regarding the topic of a preprint or to alert readers to potential issues concerning that preprint or a downstream publication associated with it. For more information on editorial notes, see our Editorial Policies . Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author. Full Text The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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