Performance and behavioral flexibility on a complex motor task depend on available sensory inputs in early blind and sighted short-tailed opossums

ABSTRACT The early loss of vision results in a reorganized visual cortex that processes tactile and auditory inputs. Recent studies in the short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica) found that the connections and response properties of neurons in somatosensory cortex of early blind animals are also altered. While research in humans and other mammals shows that early vision loss leads to heightened abilities on discrimination tasks involving the spared senses, if and how this superior discrimination leads to adaptive sensorimotor behavior has yet to be determined. Moreover, little is known about the extent to which blind animals rely on the spared senses. Here, we tested early blind opossums on a sensorimotor task involving somatosensation and found that they had increased limb placement accuracy. However, increased reliance on tactile inputs in early blind animals resulted in greater deficits in limb placement and behavioral flexibility when the whiskers were trimmed.