Saturation in forcing efficiency and temperature response of large volcanic eruptions

Saturation in forcing efficiency and temperature response of large volcanic eruptions | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 June 2025 V2 Latest version Share on Saturation in forcing efficiency and temperature response of large volcanic eruptions Authors : Eirik Rolland Enger 0000-0001-6709-8688 [email protected] , Rune Grand Graversen 0000-0003-4899-553X , and Audun Theodorsen 0000-0002-5142-3113 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170967725.56351509/v2 Published Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Version of record Peer review timeline 337 views 145 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract We investigate the climatic effects of volcanic eruptions spanning from Mt.\ Pinatubo-sized events to super-volcanoes. The study is based on ensemble simulations in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) climate model using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6) atmosphere model. Our analysis focuses on the impact of different \ce{SO2}-amount injections on stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD), effective radiative forcing (RF), and global temperature anomalies. Unlike the traditional linear models used for smaller eruptions, our results reveal a non-linear relationship between RF and AOD for larger eruptions. We also uncover a notable time-dependent decrease in aerosol forcing efficiency across all eruption magnitudes during the first post-eruption year. In addition, the study reveals that larger as compared to medium-sized eruption events produce a delayed and sharper peak in AOD, and a longer-lasting temperature response while the time evolution of RF remains similar between the two eruption types. When including the results of previous studies, we find that relating \ce{SO2} to any other parameter is inconsistent across models compared to the relationships between AOD, RF, and temperature anomaly. Thus, we expect the largest uncertainty in model codes to relate to the chemistry and physics of \ce{SO2} evolution. Finally, we find that the peak RF approaches a limiting value, and that the peak temperature response follows linearly, effectively bounding the temperature anomaly to at most \(\sim\SI{-12}{\kelvin}\). Supplementary Material File (988725_0_merged_1709212971-2.pdf) Download 789.08 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 05 March 2024 V2 Version 2 09 June 2025 Peer review timeline Published Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Version of Record 29 Apr 2025 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords aerosol optical depth (aod) aerosols radiative forcing volcanoes waccm Authors Affiliations Eirik Rolland Enger 0000-0001-6709-8688 [email protected] UiT The Arctic University of Norway View all articles by this author Rune Grand Graversen 0000-0003-4899-553X Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute View all articles by this author Audun Theodorsen 0000-0002-5142-3113 UiT The Arctic University of Norway View all articles by this author Funding Information Tromsø Forskningsstiftelse 19_SG_AT Audun Theodorsen Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 337 views 145 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Eirik Rolland Enger, Rune Grand Graversen, Audun Theodorsen. Saturation in forcing efficiency and temperature response of large volcanic eruptions. Authorea . 09 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170967725.56351509/v2 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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