Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Plasmon Resonance Peak of Silver Nanoparticles

Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Plasmon Resonance Peak of Silver Nanoparticles | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Plasmon Resonance Peak of Silver Nanoparticles Getachew Tizazu, Habtamu Mengesha, Abera Senay This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study explores the influence of synthesis conditions on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Key synthesis parameters—including reaction time, extract-to-precursor volume ratio, initial silver nitrate (AgNO₃) concentration, and type of plant extract—were systematically varied. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and antibacterial assays. UV-Vis spectra were analyzed using Gaussian–Lorentzian curve fitting to determine the resonance wavelength. Additionally, the spectra were interpreted using Mie theory simulations to estimate particle diameter, extinction efficiency, and the number of nanoparticles per unit volume. Size estimates were further validated using empirical relations between resonance wavelength and particle size derived from previous experimental studies. The results reveal that reaction time did not significantly shift the SPR peak for either extract. However, for nanoparticles synthesized with cabbage extract, varying the extract concentration caused a blue shift in the SPR peak from 434 nm to 427 nm—a shift not observed with the tomato extract. The choice of extract played a substantial role in tuning the optical properties of the nanoparticles. Tomato extract yielded smaller, more monodisperse AgNPs with an average diameter of approximately 48 nm and a sharp SPR peak at 419 nm. In contrast, cabbage extract produced larger, more polydisperse particles with an average diameter of 62 nm and a broader SPR peak around 434 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of functional groups from the plant extracts in the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . silver nanoparticles green synthesis Mie equation resonance wavelength and antibacterial activity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files suplementarymaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7130024","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":486563471,"identity":"25c67c8b-93a4-413c-9169-f008ba4e8eb2","order_by":0,"name":"Getachew Tizazu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYgwQxm2oC4jQfwq2eGaOGBaEkDm0CkFgjvMJjEq0Xevf/gh587bBL3s7M//Piz7bzd2vbDQFtqbKJxaTE8c5hZsvdMWmIPM0OyhGTb7eRtZxKBWo6l5Tbg0jIjmUGase1wLlDLAQlDoBazA0AtjA2HcWuZ/5j5N2Pbf6AWxuYfiW3nks3OP8SvRV6CmQ1oywGgFmY2iYNtB+zMbhCwxYAn2cyyty25vucwG5tlw7nkBLMbQFsS8PhFvv3g4xs/2+yM2fuPP775o8zO3ux8+sMHH2pscNtyAE0gEawyAYdysC3oZtnjUTwKRsEoGAUjFAAAdixjMwcv4bAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Getachew","middleName":"","lastName":"Tizazu","suffix":""},{"id":486563472,"identity":"458560cf-a644-499c-a127-31f2b9e18908","order_by":1,"name":"Habtamu Mengesha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Habtamu","middleName":"","lastName":"Mengesha","suffix":""},{"id":486563473,"identity":"4d38ad57-ce36-4279-9fd3-d11bf12f720a","order_by":2,"name":"Abera Senay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abera","middleName":"","lastName":"Senay","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-15 11:23:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87409381,"identity":"038e2d66-82bf-4166-bb7b-dec8a1de2e03","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-23 13:32:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":855220,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"silvernp12p.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7130024/v1_covered_8c2b4db1-1847-4abd-967c-5e660a1fcd8f.pdf"},{"id":87289463,"identity":"533a1376-ca81-4355-8816-4ab37e39826f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 11:10:35","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1106966,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"suplementarymaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7130024/v1/5a661225269a16662847e517.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Plasmon Resonance Peak of Silver Nanoparticles","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, Mie equation, resonance wavelength, and antibacterial activity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study explores the influence of synthesis conditions on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Key synthesis parameters\u0026mdash;including reaction time, extract-to-precursor volume ratio, initial silver nitrate (AgNO₃) concentration, and type of plant extract\u0026mdash;were systematically varied. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and antibacterial assays. UV-Vis spectra were analyzed using Gaussian\u0026ndash;Lorentzian curve fitting to determine the resonance wavelength. Additionally, the spectra were interpreted using Mie theory simulations to estimate particle diameter, extinction efficiency, and the number of nanoparticles per unit volume. Size estimates were further validated using empirical relations between resonance wavelength and particle size derived from previous experimental studies. The results reveal that reaction time did not significantly shift the SPR peak for either extract. However, for nanoparticles synthesized with cabbage extract, varying the extract concentration caused a blue shift in the SPR peak from 434 nm to 427 nm\u0026mdash;a shift not observed with the tomato extract. The choice of extract played a substantial role in tuning the optical properties of the nanoparticles. Tomato extract yielded smaller, more monodisperse AgNPs with an average diameter of approximately 48 nm and a sharp SPR peak at 419 nm. In contrast, cabbage extract produced larger, more polydisperse particles with an average diameter of 62 nm and a broader SPR peak around 434 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of functional groups from the plant extracts in the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Plasmon Resonance Peak of Silver Nanoparticles","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-22 11:02:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7130024/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"58775362-8832-43c6-8e8d-9f6f8a3e2d68","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-23T13:24:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-22 11:02:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7130024","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7130024","identity":"rs-7130024","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}