The Applicability of Different Water Quality Evaluation Methods in the Phreatic Environment of Industrial Agglomeration Areas in the Bohai Bay

The Applicability of Different Water Quality Evaluation Methods in the Phreatic Environment of Industrial Agglomeration Areas in the Bohai Bay | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Applicability of Different Water Quality Evaluation Methods in the Phreatic Environment of Industrial Agglomeration Areas in the Bohai Bay Wu Jin, Han ye, Shang Hongjun, Ma Wuming, Xing Qiming This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7852995/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Industrial agglomeration areas easily suffer from soil and water pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants, threatening human health and ecological security. The Bohai Bay region, with overlapping and conflicting economic-ecological functions, necessitates phreatic groundwater quality evaluation. This study focused on the phreatic environment of a Bohai Bay-adjacent industrial agglomeration area. Based on 29 groundwater samples (8-16 m depth, 2023), eight indicators (arsenic, mercury, lead, manganese, copper, nickel, vanadium, petroleum substances) were analyzed via four methods: single-factor evaluation, comprehensive pollution index, Nemerow index, and entropy-weight improved comprehensive pollution index.Results showed lead and vanadium had strong spatial variability, others moderate. Significant correlations existed (e.g., As-Hg negative, Hg-V positive). Water quality rankings (good to poor) were: West Port > Central Port > Industrial Buffer Zone > South Port> South Port Industrial Zone. The single-factor method was over-conservative, comprehensive pollution index over-lenient. Nemerow and entropy-weight methods had similar Class I/V proportions, but Nemerow better highlighted severely polluted indicators (higher Class III/IV proportions). The entropy-weight method, supported by weights, was more consistent with actual local water quality. Groundwater Water quality evaluation Comprehensive pollution index Nemerow method Entropy - weight method Bohai Bay Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 31 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7852995","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538282245,"identity":"af7e1dcf-9e93-4806-9266-f3ae0180563f","order_by":0,"name":"Wu Jin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Geological Environment Monitoring Station，Tianjin，300191","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wu","middleName":"","lastName":"Jin","suffix":""},{"id":538282246,"identity":"9b6ce82a-19e6-462c-8b1c-93094d70c3d6","order_by":1,"name":"Han 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Bay","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Groundwater, Water quality evaluation, Comprehensive pollution index, Nemerow method, Entropy - weight method, Bohai Bay","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7852995/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7852995/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIndustrial agglomeration areas easily suffer from soil and water pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants, threatening human health and ecological security. The Bohai Bay region, with overlapping and conflicting economic-ecological functions, necessitates phreatic groundwater quality evaluation. This study focused on the phreatic environment of a Bohai Bay-adjacent industrial agglomeration area. Based on 29 groundwater samples (8-16 m depth, 2023), eight indicators (arsenic, mercury, lead, manganese, copper, nickel, vanadium, petroleum substances) were analyzed via four methods: single-factor evaluation, comprehensive pollution index, Nemerow index, and entropy-weight improved comprehensive pollution index.Results showed lead and vanadium had strong spatial variability, others moderate. Significant correlations existed (e.g., As-Hg negative, Hg-V positive). Water quality rankings (good to poor) were: West Port \u0026gt; Central Port \u0026gt; Industrial Buffer Zone \u0026gt; South Port\u0026gt; South Port Industrial Zone. The single-factor method was over-conservative, comprehensive pollution index over-lenient. Nemerow and entropy-weight methods had similar Class I/V proportions, but Nemerow better highlighted severely polluted indicators (higher Class III/IV proportions). The entropy-weight method, supported by weights, was more consistent with actual local water quality.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Applicability of Different Water Quality Evaluation Methods in the Phreatic Environment of Industrial Agglomeration Areas in the Bohai Bay","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-11 10:18:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7852995/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-01T00:44:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-31T02:03:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-31T02:02:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","date":"2025-10-14T01:47:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"29972698-8d70-47b3-8017-ddec8aa96f61","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-11T10:18:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-11 10:18:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7852995","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7852995","identity":"rs-7852995","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}