Metabolic parameters differentially influence varying sonographic risk-stratified thyroid nodules: independent of H. pylori infection

Purpose: The relationship between the risk of benign or malignant thyroid nodule and Helicobacter pylori Infection are controversial. This study also evaluates the relationship between metabolic parameters and varying sonographic risk-stratified thyroid nodules in a Chinese population. Methods The examinations included interview, ultrasonography of the thyroid, carbon-13 (C13) urea breath test, and serum assays of biochemical measurements. Results A total of 19246 adults who underwent thyroid ultrasonography were recruited in this study in Chongqing, China, from January, 2017 to March, 2022. The present study showed that, after adjustment for potential risk factors, both benign group and suspicious malignant group were positively associated with age, BMI and SBP. Different from suspicious malignant group, higher Glu (OR = 1.040, 95%CI: 1.01 ~ 1.08) level was independent factors affecting benign TN occurrence, while DBP (OR = 0.993, 95%CI = 0.991 ~ 0.994) and TC (OR = 0.992, 95%CI = 0.88 ~ 0.97) were negatively corrected. Meanwhile, HDL (OR = 0.899, 95%CI = 0.83 ~ 0.98) was independently and negatively related to suspicious malignant TN formation. Conclusions The present study showed that, metabolic parameters, such as age, gender, SBP, DBP, BMI, Glu, TC, TG and HDL levels, differentially influenced varying severity TN by ultrasonography. H.pylori infection is not an independent risk factors for either benign or suspicious TN occurrence. Contrary to previous understanding, our result suggests that older men have a higher risk of suspicious malignant thyroid nodules than aged women.