Malaysia Seismic Provision Design Standard Approach for Bridge Design Based on Ranau Earthquake

A lack of seismic consideration in the practice calculation design of BS 5400 was already known by engineers and specialists, but it is ignored since the authorities thought Malaysia was outside the seismic activity zone. Most bridge engineers in Malaysia have acquired their tertiary education from European nations like the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand (NZ), and others who adhere to the British Standard 5400 code of conduct. It's a pity some officials haven't remembered that Malaysia is just a few miles away from Indonesia and the Philippines, both of which are regarded seismically active. This study proposes to extract a pier structural geometrical shape to be assessed under Ranau seismic event using non-linear time history analysis. Indeed, the purpose of this paper is to build up a Malaysian National Annex Standard for bridge seismic design based on Eurocode 8 Part-2 provisions, so that Malaysia can set its own criteria in terms of longitudinal reinforcement ratio and amount of confinement at various degrees of PGA intensity (30%g, 12%g, 9%g, 6%g, and 3%g). The results shows that the structural to withstand seismic loading against Ranau historical event, it needs 3.33% reinforcement ratio with minimum amount of confinement at 12%g intensity level is corresponded to Malaysia seismic hazard zonation map.