Enrichment of disease-associated genes in cortical areas defined by transcriptome-based parcellation

The parcellation of the cerebral cortex serves the investigation of the emergence of uniquely human brain functions and disorders. We employed hierarchical clustering based on comprehensive transcriptomic data of the human cortex in order to delineate areas with distinct gene expression profiles. These profiles were analyzed for the enrichment of gene sets associated with brain disorders by genome-wide studies (GWAS) and expert curation. This suggested new roles of specific cortical areas in psychiatric, neurodegenerative, congenital and other neurological disorders while reproducing some well-established links for movement disorders and dementias. GWAS-derived gene sets for psychiatric disorders exhibited similar enrichment patterns in the posterior fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal lobule driven by pleiotropic genes. This implies that the effects of risk variants shared between neuropsychiatric disorders might converge in these areas. For several diseases, specific genes were highlighted, which may aid the discovery of novel disease mechanisms and urgently needed treatments.