Relationship between omentin-1 levels in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Omentin-1 is associated with diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, as well as a range of metabolisms. This paper aims to describe the role of omentin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of omentin-1 levels in patients with CAD compared to those in healthy individuals. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from database inception to July 2022. The data extracted included the author, publication year, country, study design, sample size, sex, age, body mass index, sample source, and outcomes including levels of omentin-1 and their relationship with CAD. All data were analyzed using STATA Statistical Software, version 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). For continuous variables, standardized mean difference (SMD), and mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) the combined effect size was used, and for risk factor assessment, the odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) was used. Both I 2 and Q tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Results: Twelve case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The sample size of the patients was 2034, including 1205 patients with CAD and 829 healthy controls. There were 10 studies that compared omentin-1 levels in patients with CAD to those in healthy people. The pooled results showed that the level of omentin-1 in patients with CAD was significantly lower than that in healthy people (SMD = -1.56, 95% CI: -2.00 to -1.13, P = 0.000). Five studies reported an association between omentin-1 levels and CAD. The pooled results suggested that elevated omentin-1 levels were associated with reduced incidence of CAD (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99). Conclusion: The pooled results showed that the level of omentin-1 in patients with CAD was significantly lower than that in healthy people and suggested that elevated omentin-1 levels are associated with reduced incidence of CAD.