Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology

Heather I Chen-Yost, Chen-Yost HI, Tao Huang, Huang T, Kathleen O'Brien, O'Brien K, William Weir, Weir W, Rishindra M Reddy, Reddy RM, Richard W. Lieberman, Pang J, Judy Pang
Diagnostic cytopathology · 2024 · vol. 52(4) , pp. E95–E99 · doi:10.1002/dc.25278 · PMID:38291867
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 ⓘ

This paper describes a case of thoracic endometriosis diagnosed via pleural fluid cytology, presenting as recurrent bloody effusions without pneumothorax, and discusses its cytomorphology and differential diagnoses.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper reports a case of thoracic endometriosis that first presented as recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax, diagnosed using pleural fluid cytology. The authors describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile seen on pleural fluid cytology and discuss key differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes, as well as the relevance of clinician–pathologist communication to enable timely diagnosis when thoracic endometriosis is not initially suspected. As a single case report, the main limitation is that findings cannot be generalized beyond this clinical scenario. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically thoracic endometriosis presenting in pleural fluid cytology.

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Abstract

Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes. We also highlight the importance of communication with clinicians for timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, especially when thoracic endometriosis is not suspected.
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Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology Abstract Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes. We also highlight the importance of communication with clinicians for timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, especially when thoracic endometriosis is not suspected. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

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Condition tags

endometriosisthoracic_endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis

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Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-07-07T06:07:59.301721+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-07-07T06:06:25.211860+00:00
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last seen: 2026-05-14T19:30:52.867331+00:00
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Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine