Transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of uterine pathology

Uterine pathology represents one of the most common sources of complaints in women. It may cause pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding or problems related to infertility. On the other hand, endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Pelvic ultrasound has been demonstrated as an excellent tool for diagnosing uterine pathology. In this review, we shall summarize the role of this technique for diagnosing uterine pathologies, such as uterine congenital anomalies, myoma and sarcoma, adenomyosis, benign endometrial pathology and endometrial cancer. We shall also address new technologies, such as 3D ultrasound, and the future prospects of this ever-evolving technique.