Abdominal Epilepsy：a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Abdominal epilepsy (AE) is a rare and often underrecognized form of epilepsy, characterized by paroxysmal abdominal pain accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) disturbances. The diverse clinical manifestations of AE frequently pose diagnostic challenges, leading to delays in definitive diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present two cases: a 28-year-old male (symptoms began at 18 years old) and a 55-year-old female (symptoms began at 8 years old), both with a decade-long history of intermittent abdominal pain and syncope. Despite multiple consultations and extensive evaluations, a definitive diagnosis was not reached until electroencephalography (EEG) identified characteristic epileptiform abnormalities. Conclusion These cases highlight the importance of considering AE as a potential diagnosis in patients, particularly children, with unexplained abdominal pain and altered consciousness, especially after ruling out more common causes. Additionally, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms contributing to AE development, underscoring the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research.