Museums and Zoos: Rapid genetic identification of rare species and practical applications for conservation and systematics in a biodiverse country

Abstract Obtaining genetic information from rare species is challenging for scientists, but it is crucial for understanding animal evolutionary history and informing conservation management initiatives. We present the first example of a collaborative local network that includes zoos and natural history collections to investigate the evolution, systematics, and conservation concerns of olingos (genus Bassaricyon , Procyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia). We sequenced the entire (1,146 base pairs) cytochrome b gene to phylogenetically identify individuals that have been victims of wildlife trafficking. Unexpectedly, we detected an individual specimen belonging to Bassaricyon medius orinomus (western lowland olingo), which may represent a new geographical record for this taxon in Ecuador. Through our practical experiences, we describe how local collaboration is possible and crucial for promoting wildlife genetic research in the Global South and contributing to protecting the last populations of rare mammals. We also discuss the significance of wild animals under human care as a valuable genetic resource for scientific research, conservation strategies, and informed wildlife management decisions.