Rattle Drum Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator Achieving a Record Triboelectric Surface Density of 2.76 cm

Rattle Drum Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator Achieving a Record Triboelectric Surface Density of 2.76 cm | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Rattle Drum Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator Achieving a Record Triboelectric Surface Density of 2.76 cm Guanlin Liu, Wei Tang, Hongfang Li, Jiawe Li, Weiyu Zhou, Jiaqi Duan, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6391792/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Densifying triboelectric layers benefits triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) by boosting output, improving spatial utilization, and reducing costs. However, limited displacement amplitude hinders electron movement within dense layers, capping further output enhancement. Inspired by the angular momentum balance of the rattle drum, a charge dispatch strategy is developed. It allows electrons to shuttle through additional electrode channels while acquiring drastic potential changes, yielding over 6x output versus traditional models. Further innovations, including laser etching and the contact push pins method, raise the triboelectric surface density (TSD) to a record 2.76 cm (dimension L). The operating mechanism of the proposed rattle drum inspired TENG (RD-TENG) was systematically investigated and optimized. Furthermore, RD-TENG can capture weak wave energy when equipped with a novel magnetic repulsion pendulum, thereby converting high-torque, low-amplitude water wave motion into low-torque, high-amplitude swinging. It boosts motion amplitude and output by 558% and 1662%, respectively, achieving scenario adaptability expansion. This study presents a strategy to further elevate the TSD and a new pathway to enhance TENG output. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Energy harvesting/Devices for energy harvesting Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Nuclear energy/Nuclear waste Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Tableofsupplementaryinformation.xlsx Table of supplementary information. Supplementaryinformation.pdf Supplementary Information SourceData.zip Source Data Movies.zip Movie. S1-9 supplementary information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6391792","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":456541842,"identity":"d7032023-e663-4adc-aa97-639435f57398","order_by":0,"name":"Guanlin 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