SPARK - Student Perceptions and Understanding of Urology in the United Kingdom

SPARK - Student Perceptions and Understanding of Urology in the United Kingdom | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article SPARK - Student Perceptions and Understanding of Urology in the United Kingdom Reza Lahiji, Lally Iqbal, Bilal Safdar, Lorenzo Storino Ramacciotti, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7660225/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Medical Education → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: Exposure to urology in the UK remains limited despite its clinical relevance. Most prior studies on student awareness and attitudes predate the COVID-19 pandemic and include non-final-year students. This study evaluated final-year students’ awareness, preparedness, and perceptions of urology across UK medical schools. Methods: A 17-item survey was disseminated nationally to final-year students (June-July 2025) one-month from beginning clinical practice with Medical Schools Council approval. Domains included demographics, understanding of urology, perceptions of pre-clinical and clinical teaching, preparedness for practice, and career attitudes. Descriptive statistics summarized responses. Results: Fifty-four students from 12 UK medical schools responded, 42 (77.8%) were female. While all had heard of urology, 16.7% were unaware it was a mixed medical-surgical specialty and 3.7% were unfamiliar with urologists’ daily roles, with awareness of specific roles varying from 66.0% (fertility) to 96.3% (genitourinary surgery). Procedural knowledge varied, with 11.1% completely unaware of operations performed. Nearly half (48.1%) rated pre-clinical teaching inadequate and 31.5% felt clinical teaching insufficient for licensing exams. Confidence was limited, with only 42.6% prepared for history-taking and 20.4% for investigation interpretation. Career interest was low (12.9%), with lack of surgical interest and prior specialty commitment as common deterrents. Students identified workshops, simulation, and greater curricular integration as preferred improvements. Conclusion: Final-year UK students demonstrated high baseline awareness but misconceptions about urology’s scope, limited preparedness, and low career interest. Targeted educational initiatives and specialty outreach may enhance exposure, competence, and recruitment into urology. SPARK Education Urology Medical School Perceptions Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFigure1SPARKSurveyForm.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Medical Education → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 13 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 31 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 29 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 10 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 09 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7660225","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":542587557,"identity":"819e1233-b539-42cf-acf3-589bf94cb73f","order_by":0,"name":"Reza 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Kingdom","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medical-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"meed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medical Education](http://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/meed/default.aspx","title":"BMC Medical Education","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"SPARK, Education, Urology, Medical School, Perceptions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7660225/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7660225/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction: \u003c/strong\u003eExposure to urology in the UK remains limited despite its clinical relevance. Most prior studies on student awareness and attitudes predate the COVID-19 pandemic and include non-final-year students. This study evaluated final-year students’ awareness, preparedness, and perceptions of urology across UK medical schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eA 17-item survey was disseminated nationally to final-year students (June-July 2025) one-month from beginning clinical practice with Medical Schools Council approval. Domains included demographics, understanding of urology, perceptions of pre-clinical and clinical teaching, preparedness for practice, and career attitudes. Descriptive statistics summarized responses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eFifty-four students from 12 UK medical schools responded, 42 (77.8%) were female. While all had heard of urology, 16.7% were unaware it was a mixed medical-surgical specialty and 3.7% were unfamiliar with urologists’ daily roles, with awareness of specific roles varying from 66.0% (fertility) to 96.3% (genitourinary surgery). Procedural knowledge varied, with 11.1% completely unaware of operations performed. Nearly half (48.1%) rated pre-clinical teaching inadequate and 31.5% felt clinical teaching insufficient for licensing exams. Confidence was limited, with only 42.6% prepared for history-taking and 20.4% for investigation interpretation. Career interest was low (12.9%), with lack of surgical interest and prior specialty commitment as common deterrents. Students identified workshops, simulation, and greater curricular integration as preferred improvements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eFinal-year UK students demonstrated high baseline awareness but misconceptions about urology’s scope, limited preparedness, and low career interest. Targeted educational initiatives and specialty outreach may enhance exposure, competence, and recruitment into urology.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"SPARK - Student Perceptions and Understanding of Urology in the United Kingdom","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-12 10:46:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7660225/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-13T14:03:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-09T18:24:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-01T04:55:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"289430308393997630797611689678967189854","date":"2025-10-31T10:51:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"58563135364263396697151535712900959909","date":"2025-10-31T10:18:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-31T10:13:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-29T18:06:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-10T05:15:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T17:23:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Medical Education","date":"2025-10-09T16:42:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medical-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"meed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medical Education](http://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/meed/default.aspx","title":"BMC Medical Education","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0bca5764-74a4-4a93-a83c-207870979249","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T16:17:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7660225","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-09100-2","journal":{"identity":"bmc-medical-education","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Medical Education"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-28 16:09:46","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 28th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-12 10:46:04","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12909-026-09100-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-09100-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7660225","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7660225","identity":"rs-7660225","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}