A Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Soils Associated with Podoconiosis

Podoconiosis is a disease that causes swelling and disfiguration of the lower legs that can be found in several developing countries where shoes are not regularly worn. The current model for the etiology of the disease proposes that mineralogical agents enter the lymph system through the skin leading to inflammation that causes swelling of the feet and legs. We collected 125 soil samples from 21 towns known to be associated with podoconiosis, 8 towns cited as unassociated with Podoconiosis as controls, and 3 towns of unknown status. Data collected for each soil sample included color, particle size, mineralogy, and geochemistry to distinguish unique components within the podoconiosis-associated soils. Our results indicate that podoconiosis-associated soils are more highly weathered than non-podoconiosis associated soils. The enrichment of kaolinite and gibbsite suggests that these minerals, their surface chemistry, and trace elements associated with them should be prioritized in future podoconiosis research. In addition, we found that color may be a valuable tool to identify soils that are of greater risk for inducing podoconiosis.