Auditory and visual mating cues input, Interaction among the central biological clock and reproductive neuron in hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis of Rhesus monkey: A potential cause of precocious puberty

Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis (HPG) operates and gated by multiple neurocircuits one of which is circadian system. Circadian system is necessary for reproduction. The impact of day, night length, electromagnetic radiation, hormone and food on circadian cycle and onset of puberty was well established but influence of two crucial visual and auditory mating cues was not yet determined. Biological clock suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is connected to other reproduction regulating areas such as preoptic area (POA) anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) arcuate nucleus (ARC)and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). Our finding has proved exposure of Visual and auditory mating cues significantly increased circadian clock regulatory protein expression GnRH neuropeptide and neurohormone that impart confounding impact on reproductive organ growth and early onset of puberty in prepubertal monkey (Macaca mulatto). The auditory and visual mating cues are thought to stimulate the SCN and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron in POA with subsequent released FSH, LH and gonadal steroids.