A Taxonomy of Cybersecurity Challenges in Cognitive Cities: A Multivocal Literature Review and Expert Prioritization

Cognitive cities integrate IoT, AI, and machine learning to enhance urban efficiency, yet lack dedicated cybersecurity frameworks. In this paper, we develop a taxonomy of cognitive city cybersecurity challenges through multivocal literature review (86 academic papers, 29 grey literature sources) and prioritize them using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with 23 experts. The taxonomy identifies six challenge domains: resource constraints, system complexity and integration, security design deficiencies, data management and advanced technology challenges, human and organizational factors, and economic and regulatory constraints. FAHP analysis ranks resource constraints most critical (0.239), with computational limitations as top concern (0.107). This framework provides a foundation for understanding and addressing cognitive cities' complex security landscape, supporting holistic approaches by integrating technical, organizational, and policy dimensions.