Optimizing the composition of geopolymer composites incorporating secondary aluminium industry by-products using mathematical modelling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Optimizing the composition of geopolymer composites incorporating secondary aluminium industry by-products using mathematical modelling Artem Sharko, Van Su Le, Oleksandr Sharko, Dmitry Stepanchikov, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5331818/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Geopolymer composite materials are a viable alternative to conventional construction materials. The research problem of geopolymer composites revolves around the imperative to comprehensively address their synthesis, structural performance, and environmental impact. The derived mathematical model facilitates precisely determining the optimal proportions of two crucial constituents in the geopolymer matrix: silica sand and secondary aluminium by-product. A mathematical model for optimising the composition of geopolymer composites has been developed based on the integrated use of Markov chains, criterion methods and orthogonally compositional plan. The optimal composition of the geopolymer matrix is determined and predicted using a mathematical model. Specifically, the recommended content mixing ratio is as follows: metakaolin at 1000 g, activator at 900 g, silica fume at 1052.826 g, carbon fibre at 10 g, and secondary aluminium by-product at 62,493 g. Analysing the influence of different secondary aluminium industry by-products on the geopolymerization process, and assessing the mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties of the resulting composites to establish a comprehensive understanding of their structural viability. Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5331818","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":379220921,"identity":"6d48d32c-8ae2-4edd-b2b0-4176dbfff0d2","order_by":0,"name":"Artem Sharko","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBCDBAYGNgaGDwwMMkQoZkZoYZyRwMBDmhZmHmK08M8+f/DRDYa6PP7ZxxIf2/44zMPAfvwBXi0S55KZjXMYDhdLnEs7bJyTANTCk5CA35ozzGzSOQwHEhvOsLdJg7VIMBzAq0P+DDP77xyGusT5IC0WYC2MDXi1GABtYc5hYE7ccIbtmDQDWAszfncZnmE2ls4xOJy48QxbsmFPWjoPG08afi1yZxgffs6pqEucd4bN8MEPG2s5fkIhBnUeEpuNCPWjYBSMglEwCggAABLFPBEuL2hvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Liberec","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Artem","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharko","suffix":""},{"id":379220922,"identity":"ac966a6e-9ebe-41e4-81dd-7de744af9504","order_by":1,"name":"Van Su Le","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Liberec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Van","middleName":"Su","lastName":"Le","suffix":""},{"id":379220923,"identity":"e3fa9244-ba3c-4464-b4de-7851f225ac85","order_by":2,"name":"Oleksandr Sharko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kherson Marine Academy","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oleksandr","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharko","suffix":""},{"id":379220924,"identity":"2f5c8e0c-0e03-480e-b43b-8b9caa38ae8e","order_by":3,"name":"Dmitry Stepanchikov","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kherson National Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dmitry","middleName":"","lastName":"Stepanchikov","suffix":""},{"id":379220925,"identity":"9cec26a8-fe96-45cd-bad2-e327fedcd3d5","order_by":4,"name":"Pavel Srb","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Liberec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pavel","middleName":"","lastName":"Srb","suffix":""},{"id":379220926,"identity":"51df480b-4020-4897-b12e-2c9668a2f1d2","order_by":5,"name":"Michal Petrů","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Liberec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michal","middleName":"","lastName":"Petrů","suffix":""},{"id":379220927,"identity":"c0789fbf-ccc8-45a7-8b9a-47e3ba2a4601","order_by":6,"name":"Piotr Czarnywojtek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kalisz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Piotr","middleName":"","lastName":"Czarnywojtek","suffix":""},{"id":379220928,"identity":"9f6ea006-82a6-445e-8fb5-738e0c92f096","order_by":7,"name":"Petr Louda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kalisz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Petr","middleName":"","lastName":"Louda","suffix":""},{"id":379220929,"identity":"23c9916a-79b0-421b-82dd-bd158ec4bb17","order_by":8,"name":"Katarzyna Ewa Łoś","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Liberec","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Katarzyna","middleName":"Ewa","lastName":"Łoś","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-25 10:53:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5331818/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5331818/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76565093,"identity":"61c91a56-2b68-480d-912b-721c001a7cde","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-18 12:38:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":496718,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ScientificReports251024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5331818/v1_covered_8ef67b1c-f6b0-4d59-9e66-18caaec83820.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Optimizing the composition of geopolymer composites incorporating secondary aluminium industry by-products using mathematical modelling","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
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