Expired dapagliflozin as a promising corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M nitric acid: Experimental and computational validation

Expired dapagliflozin as a promising corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M nitric acid: Experimental and computational validation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Expired dapagliflozin as a promising corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M nitric acid: Experimental and computational validation Metwally Abdallah, Nizar El Guesmi, Arej S. Al-Gorair, Badreah A. Al Jahdaly, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9118648/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The efficacy of expired dapagliflozin drug(DAP) mitigating corrosion on copper (Cu) in 1.0 M HNO3 was explored employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Chemical and electrochemical methods were applied to assess the anticorrosion efficacy at various inhibitor concentrations and temperatures. The outcomes revealed that the anticorrosion efficacy of expired DAP is high and rises with drug concentration, while it diminishes with rising temperature. This proves that physical adsorption of expired DAP onto the Cu surface is the predominant mechanism. The PDP experiments' findings demonstrated that expired DAP functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. Expired DAP acted as a pitting corrosion inhibitor by causing a significant shift in pitting potential in the positive directions. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the kinetic activation and adsorption processes have been estimated and analyzed. The inhibiting impact of expired DAP is believed to be the development of a complex between the DAP and Cu+2 ions adsorbed on the Cu surface. The stoichiometry of Cu+2 /DAP is 1:1 according to the conductometric titration. The adsorption of the complex minimized the rate of corrosion and enhanced the inhibitory properties. Theoretical analyses confirm that DAP exhibits a strong tendency to absorb onto the Cu surface, reflecting its remarkable inhibitory potential. Furthermore, the significant agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental findings highlights the consistency of the applied approaches and strengthens confidence in the reported results. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Materials science Copper dapagliflozin corrosion inhibitor adsorption pitting Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 31 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 26 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 20 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 16 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 13 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9118648","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":610523691,"identity":"3ef3fb48-708e-4f9b-8284-a570636a3c2e","order_by":0,"name":"Metwally Abdallah","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAgsG+/nnHz5gYDhAjHJmIDaQACIeZgOStbBJEKVFt73/mMQPA4nE7dK9x6p5au7I8TMwP3x0A48WszOH2SR7gFp2zjmXdpvn2DNjyQY2Y+McfFpuJLPd4AFqaTiQYHabh+1w4oYDPGzSeLXcf8x28w9USzHPP2K03GBmuw2yZcONHDNm3jZitJxJNv8tYyBhPLPnWLLk3L7DxpLNhPxy/OBjwzcVNrL97M0HP7z5dliOn7354WN8WmDAsQFIMPGAmMxEKAcBexDB+INI1aNgFIyCUTCyAABYM1Dt7Y7myQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Benha University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Metwally","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdallah","suffix":""},{"id":610523692,"identity":"5062ecc6-03d2-4702-a73f-5082f3245e7c","order_by":1,"name":"Nizar El Guesmi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Monastir","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nizar","middleName":"El","lastName":"Guesmi","suffix":""},{"id":610523693,"identity":"e2c07649-91ef-4daa-811c-ffbb288505c1","order_by":2,"name":"Arej S. 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Chemical and electrochemical methods were applied to assess the anticorrosion efficacy at various inhibitor concentrations and temperatures. The outcomes revealed that the anticorrosion efficacy of expired DAP is high and rises with drug concentration, while it diminishes with rising temperature. This proves that physical adsorption of expired DAP onto the Cu surface is the predominant mechanism. The PDP experiments' findings demonstrated that expired DAP functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. Expired DAP acted as a pitting corrosion inhibitor by causing a significant shift in pitting potential in the positive directions. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the kinetic activation and adsorption processes have been estimated and analyzed. The inhibiting impact of expired DAP is believed to be the development of a complex between the DAP and Cu+2 ions adsorbed on the Cu surface. The stoichiometry of Cu+2 /DAP is 1:1 according to the conductometric titration. The adsorption of the complex minimized the rate of corrosion and enhanced the inhibitory properties. Theoretical analyses confirm that DAP exhibits a strong tendency to absorb onto the Cu surface, reflecting its remarkable inhibitory potential. Furthermore, the significant agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental findings highlights the consistency of the applied approaches and strengthens confidence in the reported results.","manuscriptTitle":"Expired dapagliflozin as a promising corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M nitric acid: Experimental and computational validation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-25 17:59:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9118648/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-31T10:35:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-30T12:34:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-28T10:12:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-27T01:51:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"250179141509823711123893398103301770265","date":"2026-03-23T08:52:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"174056826474071330188262873848295095250","date":"2026-03-23T02:20:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"188833279100676189649602006729841873065","date":"2026-03-21T07:29:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-21T01:42:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-20T19:43:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T04:52:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T04:51:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-03-14T00:05:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"85f07166-1f54-436c-9a35-a76f5182ea2f","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 25th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":64954039,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":64954040,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T07:40:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-25 17:59:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9118648","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9118648","identity":"rs-9118648","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}