Monkeypox Virus in high-risk population groups: Clinical course and Implications

Monkeypox Virus in high-risk population groups: Clinical course and Implications | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 8 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Monkeypox Virus in high-risk population groups: Clinical course and Implications Authors : Varun Pandey [email protected] , Preeti Shahi , George Kolios , Vasilis Paspaliaris , Alexandra Collins R 0009-0007-2851-1661 , Michail Spathakis , and Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175463644.46826415/v1 286 views 128 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Monkeypox (mpox) has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, with the 2022 outbreak underscoring its impact on vulnerable populations, particularly those with co-infections or compromised immune systems. This review explores the current evidence on mpox in three high-risk scenarios: pregnancy, immunocompromised individuals, and co-infections with varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and HIV. Pregnant individuals with mpox are at a heightened risk of adverse outcomes, including fetal loss and congenital infection, although data remain limited. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with advanced HIV or other forms of immunosuppression, are more likely to experience severe or disseminated mpox infections. Historical reports have documented co-infection with the varicella-zoster virus, which may complicate the clinical diagnosis. Although mpox and COVID-19 co-infections are relatively rare, they highlight the importance of maintaining clinical vigilance for concurrent infections. Notably, HIV co-infection has been common in recent outbreaks. In individuals with well-controlled HIV, mpox typically follows a similar clinical course; however, in those with untreated HIV or low CD4 counts, mpox is associated with more severe disease and higher mortality. This review discusses the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management considerations of mpox in these populations, offering updated insights into its behavior in the context of pregnancy, immunosuppression, and co-infection. Supplementary Material File (figure legend.docx) Download 17.97 KB File (monkeypox virus in high-risk population groups.docx) Download 181.55 KB File (table 1. selected monkeypox virus clades and outcomes.docx) Download 23.23 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 08 August 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords coronavirus disease control human immunodeficiency virus infection vaccinia virus variola virus virus classification Authors Affiliations Varun Pandey [email protected] Paspa Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd View all articles by this author Preeti Shahi Syngene International Ltd View all articles by this author George Kolios Demokriteio Panepistemio Thrakes - Panepistemioupole Alexandroupoles View all articles by this author Vasilis Paspaliaris Paspa Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd View all articles by this author Alexandra Collins R 0009-0007-2851-1661 Paspa Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd View all articles by this author Michail Spathakis Demokriteio Panepistemio Thrakes - Panepistemioupole Alexandroupoles View all articles by this author Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin Paspa Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 286 views 128 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Varun Pandey, Preeti Shahi, George Kolios, et al. Monkeypox Virus in high-risk population groups: Clinical course and Implications. Authorea . 08 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175463644.46826415/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.175463644.46826415/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a00e31dc0c6bc13d',t:'MTc3OTY0NTU3Mg=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();