Fractionation of the Caspian sand goby epidermal exudates Using Membrane Ultrafiltration and Reversed-phase chromatography: an investigation on bioactivities

Bioactive peptide-based drugs have gained exceeding attention as promising treatments for infectious and oxidative-stress-related diseases, are exacerbated by the advent and spread of various multidrug-resistant bacteria and industrial lifestyles. Fish skin mucus has been recognized as a potential source of bioactive peptides, providing the first line of fish defense against invading pathogens which are targeted here to be explored as a new source of biopharmaceutics. Peptide fractions were isolated from the epidermal exudates of Caspian sand goby, Neogobius fluviatilis pallasi , by solid-phase extraction (SPE), ultrafiltration, and reversed-phase chromatography. The resulting fractions were characterized for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and results showed that the molecular weight fraction < 5 kDa represented the highest (P < 0.05) bacterial inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as well as scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Overall, these results introduce the epidermal mucus of Caspian sand goby as a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be considered new and efficient biopharmaceutics.