Study of a Wideband High Data Rate Implantable Antenna for Cortical Visual Prosthesis

Study of a Wideband High Data Rate Implantable Antenna for Cortical Visual Prosthesis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Study of a Wideband High Data Rate Implantable Antenna for Cortical Visual Prosthesis ren-xia ou, weilun yu, congzheng xu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A compact wideband high data rate implantable antenna is designed for cortical visual prosthesis devices. In order to achieve high data rate, a metamaterial array with negative permeability is formed by loading complementary open resonant rings to reduce the resonant frequency of the antenna and produce circular polarization characteristics. By introducing a zigzag structure around the radiation unit, the antenna size is reduced to 11 × 11 × 0.635 mm 3 and the impedance matching is optimized. A complete antenna model is established, and the biocompatibility, radiation characteristics and safety of the antenna are evaluated. The performance of the antenna is tested in a saline solution simulating the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid. The measured impedance bandwidth is 24.4%, the axial ratio bandwidth is 19.3%, the gain is -21.6 dBi, and the effective communication distance is 4.2 m. The designed antenna has wide working frequency band, small size, good electromagnetic compatibility and high data rate communication ability, and is the optimal design scheme for cortical visual prosthesis. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Physics Cortical visual prosthesis Broadband High data rate Implantable Circular polarization Antenna Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 12 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 05 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7137081","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":501783952,"identity":"e483a958-bfda-4eb1-87f0-0b90ce9b316f","order_by":0,"name":"ren-xia ou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+/bGxocfKmzk+InWYsBz+LCxxJk0Y8kGorVIpKVJ8LYdTjQ4QKwWc4YcYwPJNuYE4+PJGxh+VGwjrMWy4Yzhg4JzbHlmZ54VMPacuU2ENQd7jA0kyniKzW7kGDAzthGj5TCPmQQPm0Ti5hnEajE4xpYmwdNmkLhBglgtkj3MoEBOAOJnBQeJ8gu//ENQVP6X429P3vjgRwUxfkGABOKjBqGFVB2jYBSMglEwQgAAmew/fFTNpEkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Medical College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"ren-xia","middleName":"","lastName":"ou","suffix":""},{"id":501783953,"identity":"81c7029f-dc71-464c-bdce-8e03d2671b76","order_by":1,"name":"weilun yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Medical College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"weilun","middleName":"","lastName":"yu","suffix":""},{"id":501783954,"identity":"af67625e-c660-44fb-bc0d-ebd18d690acf","order_by":2,"name":"congzheng xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Medical College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"congzheng","middleName":"","lastName":"xu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-16 07:38:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35557-8","type":"published","date":"2026-01-14T16:29:06+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100615760,"identity":"8d881beb-44ba-48ac-8df1-3dd3defdf974","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-19 17:36:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1231512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"StudyofaWidebandHighDataRateImplantableAntennaforCorticalVisualProsthesis20250724.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7137081/v1_covered_381d6a03-bb4e-4171-a756-0d5ab4bc6d79.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study of a Wideband High Data Rate Implantable Antenna for Cortical Visual Prosthesis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cortical visual prosthesis, Broadband, High data rate, Implantable, Circular polarization, Antenna","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA compact wideband high data rate implantable antenna is designed for cortical visual prosthesis devices. In order to achieve high data rate, a metamaterial array with negative permeability is formed by loading complementary open resonant rings to reduce the resonant frequency of the antenna and produce circular polarization characteristics. By introducing a zigzag structure around the radiation unit, the antenna size is reduced to 11 \u0026times; 11 \u0026times; 0.635 mm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and the impedance matching is optimized. A complete antenna model is established, and the biocompatibility, radiation characteristics and safety of the antenna are evaluated. The performance of the antenna is tested in a saline solution simulating the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid. The measured impedance bandwidth is 24.4%, the axial ratio bandwidth is 19.3%, the gain is -21.6 dBi, and the effective communication distance is 4.2 m. The designed antenna has wide working frequency band, small size, good electromagnetic compatibility and high data rate communication ability, and is the optimal design scheme for cortical visual prosthesis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study of a Wideband High Data Rate Implantable Antenna for Cortical Visual Prosthesis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-20 15:52:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7137081/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"101648997470417870100672654551934399982","date":"2025-08-17T14:34:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"213638994794689577912834423468817366528","date":"2025-08-14T07:58:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T07:31:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T07:27:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-12T07:24:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-06T02:28:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-08-06T02:25:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d2719975-d12a-43a7-9c25-085c28e45802","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":53292867,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":53292868,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T17:01:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7137081","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35557-8","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-14 16:29:06","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 14th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-20 15:52:37","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-35557-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35557-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7137081","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7137081","identity":"rs-7137081","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}