Kinetic deflection change due to target global curvature as revealed by NASA/DART

Kinetic deflection change due to target global curvature as revealed by NASA/DART | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article Kinetic deflection change due to target global curvature as revealed by NASA/DART Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Sabina Raducan, Jessica Sunshine, Tony Farnham, and 72 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3598104/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Kinetic deflection is a planetary defense technique that delivers spacecraft momentum to a small body to deviate its course from Earth. The deflection efficiency depends strongly on the impactor and target. Among them, the contribution of global curvature was poorly understood. The ejecta plume created by NASA's DART impact on its target asteroid, Dimorphos, exhibited an elliptical shape almost aligned along its north-south direction. Here, we identify that this elliptical ejecta plume resulted from the target’s curvature, reducing the momentum transfer to 44±10% along the orbit track compared to an equivalent impact on a flat target. We also find lower kinetic deflection of impacts on smaller Near-Earth objects (NEOs) due to higher curvature. A solution to mitigate low deflection efficiency is to apply multiple low-energy impactors rather than a single high-energy impactor. Rapid reconnaissance to acquire a target's properties before deflection enables determining the proper locations and timing of impacts. Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Planetary science/Asteroids, comets and Kuiper belt Physical sciences/Engineering/Aerospace engineering Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files MASIHirabayashi.pdf Supplementary Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3598104","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":250154983,"identity":"d30aa761-1aa7-4240-9b4b-e3e580961875","order_by":0,"name":"Masatoshi 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The deflection efficiency depends strongly on the impactor and target. Among them, the contribution of global curvature was poorly understood. The ejecta plume created by NASA's DART impact on its target asteroid, Dimorphos, exhibited an elliptical shape almost aligned along its north-south direction. Here, we identify that this elliptical ejecta plume resulted from the target’s curvature, reducing the momentum transfer to 44±10% along the orbit track compared to an equivalent impact on a flat target. We also find lower kinetic deflection of impacts on smaller Near-Earth objects (NEOs) due to higher curvature. A solution to mitigate low deflection efficiency is to apply multiple low-energy impactors rather than a single high-energy impactor. 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