Decision uncertainty as a context for motor memory

The current view of perceptual decision-making suggests that once the decision is made, a single motor program associated with the decision is carried out, irrespective of the degree of uncertainty involved in the decision-making process. As opposed to this view, we show that different levels of decision uncertainty contextualize actions differently, allowing the brain to form different motor memories based on each context. The match between decision uncertainty during learning and retrieval is critical for successful motor memory retrieval. The same movement trajectory can be associated with different motor memories if each memory is linked to a different level of decision uncertainty. Encoding motor memories based on decision contexts may enhance the robustness of control during the varying neural activities induced by different cognitive states.