ART initiation and predictive factors among men who have sex with men living with HIV after the implementation of new ART strategy in China: an observational cohort study

Abstract BackgroundChina started the new antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategy since 2016, after which free ART could be provided for all people living with HIV. We aimed to understand the prevalence of ART initiation among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and to explore how ART-related perceptions, psycho-social status etc. predict ART initiation under the new strategy.MethodsA cohort study (maximum follow-up period = 578 days) was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 303 ART-naïve MSM were recruited from community. Baseline information collected demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS-related health status, ART-related perceptions, weighting of pros versus cons and psycho-social status. The outcome was ART initiation. Cox regression models were fitted for data analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of ART initiation was 83.8% of all participants and 92.6% of MSM diagnosed recently (within 30 days). In multivariate Cox regression models, HIV-positive MSM received HIV diagnosis ≤30 days were less likely to initiate ART (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.49). In adjusted analyses, belief that immediate ART initiation would have more benefit for themselves associated with increased ART initiation (HRa = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.96). In the final model, weighting of pros versus cons and time since diagnosis of HIV infection remained significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of ART initiation was high among MSM living with HIV in Guangzhou. To reach the second 90% target, measures should be focused on MSM previously diagnosed. Interventions showing HIV-positives the benefits of ART were also needed.