Intra- and extra-cellular environments contribute to the fate of HIV-1 infection

ABSTRACT HIV-1 entry into host cells leads to one of three alternative fates: 1) HIV-1 elimination by restriction factors, 2) establishment of HIV-1 latency, or 3) active viral replication in target cells. Here we developed an improved system for monitoring HIV-1 fate and provide evidence for the differential contribution of the intracellular environment as well as extracellular environment found in organs of BLT humanized mouse to the fate of HIV-1 infection.