User Participation in Social Housing Work and Practices: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

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User participation has become a central value in Nordic welfare states, promoted as a means of strengthening empowerment, improving services, and reinforcing democratic ideals. While all Nordic countries share some features, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden represent the core of the Social Democratic welfare regime, providing a more coherent basis for comparative analysis of housing policies and practices. Drawing on studies published between 2015 and 2025, this review identifies how user participation is conceptualized and enacted across individual, service, and system levels. Eleven included studies highlight that participation extends beyond formal involvement in service plans: it is embedded in everyday relationships, the degree of control residents exercise, and opportunities for co-production. Practices that foster meaningful participation include relational continuity, flexible routines, recovery- and citizenship-oriented perspectives, and open collaboration with user organizations. Yet participation is constrained by organizational mandates, professional discourses on “suitable housing,” and structural pressures. Persistent dilemmas—care versus control, plans versus lived realities, and provision versus participation—shape frontline practice. Across contexts, people with mental health and/or substance use challenges remain stigmatized and marginalized, often excluded from genuine influence over housing and services. The findings underscore the need for approaches that translate universalist welfare principles and human rights commitments into concrete practices supporting housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion. Social housing work user participation co-production human rights Nordic welfare states Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction This scoping review maps out literature on user participation in social housing work and practices in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The scope has the starting point that user participation has become a central value in social housing policies and services across these three Nordic welfare states. It is promoted to strengthen empowerment, improve the quality and relevance of services, and reinforce democratic values (Beresford, 2019 ). Focusing on Norway, Sweden, and Denmark allows for an analytically coherent exploration of social housing and user participation within the context of the Social Democratic welfare state tradition. This makes it possible to identify common patterns and paradoxes that are specific to the Scandinavian model. Another reason for focusing on Denmark, Norway, and Sweden is their common foundation in universalist welfare models. While the ambition of user participation is shared across these countries, differences in political priorities and institutional arrangements shape how it is implemented in practice. To our knowledge, no existing scoping review has addressed the theme selected for this study. We identified a need for a review that offers a more comprehensive understanding of the development of user participation in social housing work and practices. Such insights will be valuable for practitioners, service users, and others with an interest in the field. This scoping review draws on qualitative research published between 2015–2025 to contribute to fresh findings on user part in social housing work in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In the field of social housing, participation is not simply a matter of principle, it can directly affect whether people receive help that meets their actual needs. Research shows that, across the Nordic countries, people with substance use and/or mental health challenges risk not receiving tailored, person-centered support (Hansen, 2013). Even when individuals have a home, challenges with quality of life, housing stability, and social inclusion can persist (Knutagård et al.,2021). Recent findings from The Norwegian Auditor General Riksrevisjonen ( 2025 ) further show that people with co-occurring substance use and mental health conditions are often deprioritized in housing and welfare services, face fragmented support, and rarely have influence over the services that affect their lives—reflecting persistent stigma and systemic neglect (Andersson, 2016 ; Friesinger et al., 2021 ). People with mental health or substance use challenges share the same dream as others: a stable home. They want to choose where and with whom they live, have control over services, and live in quality housing within inclusive neighborhoods that foster participation and meaningful relationship (Andvig et al.,2013; Lindvig et al., 2019 ; Nesse et al., 2022 ). Services for people with mental health issues and / or substance use are evolving, trying to incorporate factors such as user participation (Nouf & Ineland, 2023 ). A defining characteristic of the Nordic welfare systems is the ideologically rooted emphasis on user participation as a means of strengthening service users’ influence on services. Nevertheless, a variety of methods and strategies have been employed to pursue these goals (Ineland, 2022 ). Much of the existing research focuses on policy intentions or individual case-level involvement, with limited insight into the mechanisms and conditions that can move participation from tokenism to genuine influence (Friesinger et al., 2021 ). Addressing this gap is crucial for developing housing policies and services that are responsive, equitable, and aligned with the human right to adequate housing. Despite the ideologically emphasis on user participation, people with mental health issues and / or substance use are often stigmatized and marginalized, with a notion that they are not capable of being reliable sources of knowledge (Norges Institusjon for Menneskerettigheter, 2024 ). The World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted the link between human rights and mental health as early as in 1996 with the Guidelines for the promotion of the Human Right of persons with mental health issues (Karlsson, 2025 ) Healthy housing supports physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 2019). It offers a sense of home through belonging, security, and privacy, while also providing safe and sound living conditions—such as shelter from the elements, good sanitation, adequate space, and protection from hazards. Beyond the housing itself, healthy housing depends on the surrounding community, access to services, green spaces, and safe transport, as well as protection from pollution and disasters (WHO, 2018). Despite this, the WHO-report (2019), states that discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental health issues and / or substance use is prominent, and there is an imminent need to develop practises and services (Karlsson, 2025 ). A safe and secure home is a recognized human right. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone is entitled to a standard of living adequate for their health and wellbeing, including food, clothing, housing, healthcare, and essential social services (United Nations, 1948 , Article 25). In social housing work, fulfilling these rights in practice requires more than simply providing a roof—it requires creating systems in which those affected are active partners in decisions about their housing and support (Andersson, 2016 ). Participation—central to full citizenship and the realization of human rights—is often inaccessible to those without stable housing or social support (Aaslund, 2022 ). This lack of accessibility can prevent individuals from being recognized as full members of society, able to voice concerns, influence decisions, and benefit from democratic processes (WHO,2022). Although the right to housing and the importance of user participation are widely acknowledged in both policy and research, there is limited knowledge about how these principles are put into practice in the context of social housing in Northern Norway. Existing studies often examine either housing stability or participation, but rarely explore the relationship between the two, or how participation can support housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion for people with mental health and substance use challenges. Furthermore, much of the international literature focuses on urban contexts or on countries with different welfare systems, leaving a gap in understanding how universalist welfare states such as Norway address these issues in smaller municipalities and rural areas. By investigating pathways of participation in this specific context, this article contributes new knowledge on how human rights commitments and welfare ideals can be translated into concrete practices that foster both stability and inclusion Aim and Research Question The aim of this article is to map and synthesize qualitative research on user participation in social housing in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and to identify overarching themes that may inform policy and practice. The research question guiding this review is: What themes can be identified in qualitative studies on user participation in social housing across these three countries? The Nordic context, similarities and differences Although Denmark, Norway and Sweden share welfare state principles—universal social rights, strong public provision, and commitments to social inclusion—their housing sectors are organised differently, shaping distinct approaches to user participation (Ineland, 2022 ). Sweden and Denmark have stronger traditions of area-based interventions, focusing on community-level planning, while Norway emphasizes individualized support and scattered-site housing, as shown in Table 1 ; Approaches to User Particopation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Conversely, Sweden and Denmark have invested less in programs targeting marginalized groups in the housing market (Jensen, 2013 ). Despite these differences, the countries face common challenges, such as housing shortages, social segregation, and inclusion of vulnerable populations. Since the mid-1980s, housing regimes in the Nordic countries have undergone major changes under the influence of neoliberal reforms, emphasizing market-oriented solutions and financialization. In Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, center-right governments curtailed housing subsidies and introduced market-based incentives, reshaping national housing policies. As Sørvoll & Bengtsson ( 2016 ) point out in their study of co-operative housing in Sweden and Norway, this development reflects a broader trend of deregulation and marketization, where housing came to be treated less as a social right and more as a market commodity. Examining these variations is crucial for understanding how different welfare state models influence housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion, and for identifying innovative strategies that can enhance user participation across the region Table 1: Approaches to User Participation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden Examining these variations is crucial for understanding how different welfare state models influence housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion, and for identifying innovative strategies that can enhance user participation across the region. Studies show that cultural and structural differences across Nordic countries shape how supported housing services are conceptualized and delivered (Friesinger et al,.2021). While staff roles share common features, local policies and practices create variations in work expectations and conditions (Midjo et al., 2020 ). Voluntary organizations also play an important role in addressing homelessness, though their influence and integration into formal housing services differ across countries (Aaslund, 2020 ). Looking more closely at the three countries, Norway has the clearest legal foundation for user rights. These rights are anchored in the Pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven (1999), which obliges services to involve users, and in the new national professional guidelines for user and family participation in mental health and substance use services (Helsedirektoratet, 2025 ), which define responsibilities at the individual, service, and system levels. Sweden, by contrast, has institutionalized participatory methods, such as user-led service evaluations. (Regjeringen, 2013)., a scheme that supports people with severe mental health challenges in accessing their rights and navigating complex systems. While highly influential, the PO scheme is not legally enshrined; it is funded through national regulations and municipal grants. Denmark emphasizes citizen and user involvement through Serviceloven (1988) with highlights municipalities and regions running development projects that involve user organizations in decision-making. The differences can be summarized as follows: Norway has the strongest legal anchoring, Sweden has institutionalized participatory methods, and Denmark has developed a broad practice- and policy-driven culture of citizen involvement. Denmark has an increasing focus on user participation in the social sector (Ineland, 2022 ). All three countries share the principle of user participation across individual, service, and system levels, and they employ overlapping methods such as councils, peer workers, family involvement, and structured evaluations. User participation in Nordic social housing services and practices In the eleven articles in this scoping review, user participation is understood as more than formal involvement in service plans. The articles describe the quality of everyday relationships, the degree of control residents can exercise over their home and support, and whether services allow for co-production, as shown in Table 2 ;Individual, Service and System Dimensions of User Participation Table 2 Individual, Service, and System Dimensions of User Participation Level Description Important features References Individual It refers to the right of service users to choose their own services and decide how the services are implemented • Service users are actively involved in decisions about their own housing and support. • The idea here is more than choosing between pre-set options—it involves shaping solutions that reflect their needs, preferences, and life goals. • For people with experiences of homelessness, mental health issues, or substance use, this requires building trust, ensuring clear and accessible communication, and allowing time for relationships to develop. • Active involvement at this level strengthens autonomy and helps ensure that services respond to the complexities of people’s everyday lives. Andersson, (2016); Lindvig et al. ( 2019 ); Lindvig et al. (2020); Matscheck & Topor (2022); Nesse et al. ( 2022 ). Service Housing services work in partnership with users to design, deliver, and evaluate programs. • User participation at service level aim to change services so they are equal to everyone in the same situation. • It demands structures for ongoing dialogue—such as user councils, advisory boards, or co-research projects—and a willingness from professionals to share decision-making power. • For people whose previous contact with services may have been fragmented or stigmatizing, service-level participation can be a turning point in rebuilding trust and fostering a sense of belonging. Midjo et al. ( 2020 ); Sjåfjell & Sælør ( 2023 ). System System level refers to policies, housing strategies, and structural frameworks where user knowledge is embedded to shape legislation, funding, and long-term solutions to housing instability and social exclusion. • Policy development and housing strategies incorporate user voices to ensure that structural solutions address real-world challenges. • not only consulting users, but also embedding their knowledge into legislative frameworks, funding priorities, and long-term strategies. • Without system-level participation, there is a risk that well-intentioned policies will fail to address the root causes of housing instability and social exclusion. • For marginalized groups, inclusion at this level is essential to break cycles of neglect and to ensure that human rights commitments—such as the right to adequate housing—are met. Friesinger et al. ( 2021 ); Knutagård et al. ( 2021 ); Aaslund ( 2020). Friesinger et al., ( 2021 ) demonstrate how discourses on “suitable housing” for people with mental health or substance-use problems are largely produced by professionals and policy documents, rather than by users themselves. Such framing narrows opportunities for user choice and participation before any frontline interaction begins, making participation more symbolic than real. Inside services, participation is enacted through daily interactions. Andersson ( 2016 ) finds that trust, reciprocity, and fairness in supported housing foster constructive social climates, which residents perceive as supportive and participatory. Two studies by Lindvig et al,. (2019; 2020) further highlight that residents describe helpful relationships as mutual, trustworthy, and authentic, where staff show flexibility, respect timing, and sometimes engage in friendship-like interactions. Here, participation is not primarily about formalized roles but about recognition and dialogue. Nesse et al. ( 2022 ) add that when staff adopt recovery- and citizenship-oriented perspectives, collaboration with residents extends participation beyond the housing unit itself into community life. In this way, user involvement strengthens both empowerment and belonging. Similarly, Matscheck et al,. (2022) demonstrated that real user involvement often takes shape through flexible and informal negotiations between staff and residents, rather than through formalized participation plans. Organizational choices play a key role in determining whether user participation remains symbolic or becomes genuinely co-productive. Knutagård et al,. (2021) document social-housing programs in Sweden where residents, practitioners, and community actors co-produce solutions. Their study shows how open formats, low thresholds, and quick feedback loops institutionalize resident voice, while also revealing tensions between professional authority and user influence. Matscheck et al., ( 2022 ) argues that everyday flexibility in routines allows for stronger user involvement, whereas over-formalization can suppress resident influence. From the staff perspective, Raanaas et al., ( 2025 ) show that providers often struggle to balance empowerment with safety and accountability. Some act as facilitators of participation, while others adopt more protective roles that limit user influence. Midjo et al., ( 2020 ) further point out how structural pressures from New Public Management—time constraints, documentation, and skill-training mandates—narrow the space for authentic participation. Participation is also materially shaped by housing design, rules, and location. Lindvig et al., ( 2019 ) found that small flexibilities—such as sharing coffee, adjusting curfews, or using common areas—signal belonging and recognition, supporting residents’ sense of participation. Friesinger et al., ( 2021 ) showed that policy discourses prescribing small, robust housing in marginalized areas can restrict opportunities for user-led activities and community connection. Participation also takes collective forms, as shown in Fig. 1 ; Connections Between System, Services and Individual Levels of User Participation. Aaslund ( 2020 ), through participatory action research, highlights how voluntary organizations and user-led initiatives in homelessness contexts create alternative arenas for influence. Here, users are not merely consulted but actively shape solutions outside of state-run services. Across these studies, practices that reliably support participation include: Relational continuity and discretion (staff who can bend routines when needed) (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig et al., 2019 , 2020; Matscheck et al., 2022 ; Raanaas et al.,2025). Co-produced routines (plans as living documents, renegotiated in real time) (Lindvig et al., 2019 ; Knutagård et al.,2021; Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Recovery and citizenship orientations (anchoring support in roles, rights, and community life) (Friesinger et al., 2021 ; Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). Organizational permission for flexibility (avoiding overly rigid mandates) (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Friesinger et al., 2021 ; Raanaas et al., 2025 ). Open, boundary-spanning programs (involving third-sector partners and user groups) (Aaslund, 2020 ; Knutagård et al., 2021 ). Enduring dilemmas highlighted across studies: Care vs. control: safety and accountability demands can mute resident voice, requiring proportional and dialogical risk practices (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig et al., 2019 ; Raanaas et al,. 2025). Plans vs. life: while formal plans secure rights, they can also hinder support if not easily renegotiated (Lindvig et al., 2019 ; Friesinger et al., 2021 ; Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Provision vs. participation: predesigned models of “suitable housing” can overshadow user choice; more diverse models are needed to let residents shape the offer itself (Aaslund, 2020 ; Friesinger et al., 2021 ; Knutagård et al., 2021 ). Working with people who experience mental health issues, or substance use, presents particular challenges across all levels (Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Mistrust of services, unstable life situations, and barriers to communication or engagement can make participation difficult (Midjo et al., 2020 ). Overcoming these challenges requires patience, tailored approaches, and the recognition that participation is both a legal right and a pathway to empowerment, stability, and social inclusion (Aaslund, 2020 ). Materials and methods For this article, a scoping review (Arksey & O’Malley, 2005) was chosen as the methodology, with a focus on qualitative research, aiming to explore what has been reported in qualitative studies and to provide an overview of central themes and insights in the included articles. This study adopts a scoping review methodology, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework. The methods included systematic searches in databases included Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (OVID), Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest. Search strings combined terms related to “social housing work” and “user participation” in Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish The results were synthesized using a thematic analysis approach. A scoping review does not apply the same systematic rigor in search strategies as a systematic review (Arksey & O’Malley 2005). A scoping review typically has a more open research question and defines inclusion criteria after searching the databases (post hoc). This method is often used when the research field is limited, when different research methods are applied, and when the aim is to present an overview of the field. When conducted as scoping reviews, they serve to highlight important issues for consumers, practitioners, and even policymakers by collecting, analysing, and presenting key information in a field (Arksey & O’Malley 2005). Through a systematic process, scoping reviews identify relevant studies, extract and organize data, synthesize findings, and ultimately provide a comprehensive summary of the results The purpose of this scoping review is to map findings from qualitative studies on user participation in social housing in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and to identify overarching themes that can inform both research and practice. Arksey and O’Malleys (2005) framework within scoping review consists of five key stages: 1. Identifying the research question: The review begins with a broad, exploratory research question designed to capture the extent, range, and nature of research on the topic. 2. Identifying relevant studies: A comprehensive search strategy is developed across academic databases, grey literature, and relevant organizational sources. The aim is to be as inclusive as possible, reflecting the exploratory nature of scoping reviews. 3. Study selection: Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied iteratively. Titles, abstracts, and full texts are screened to ensure relevance to the research question. 4. Charting the data: Key information from each included study (e.g., author, year, country, study design, population, main findings) is extracted and organized systematically. 5. Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results: Data are synthesized thematically and descriptively to map the breadth of evidence, highlight main concepts, and identify gaps in the literature. The scope process was done between June and August 2025. Methodology The starting point was to formulate the aim of the scoping review, followed by advanced search in five databases. The rationale for these databases was that they capture articles both in English and Nordic language and also has interdisciplinary research. The initial search with search strings and search words was conducted with the help of a librarian at UIT, The Artic University of Norway. The selection process involved several steps, as shown in Fig. 2 ; Procedures of Finding the Articles First, titles and abstracts were screened to exclude clearly irrelevant material. Next, potentially relevant articles were examined in full to assess their eligibility against the inclusion criteria. In this stage, the research question could only be addressed by critically reading all the texts, not only abstracts that might not present the content fully. The research team discussed the selected articles. Only qualitative studies addressing user participation in social housing policies, services, or practices were included in the final sample. As already mentioned, databases included Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (OVID), Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest. Search strings combined terms related to “social housing work” and “user participation” in Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish. Systematic searches were conducted on the Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest, giving 8,020 records. Following the removal of 127 duplicates, 7,893 records underwent title and abstract screening. Of these, 7,738 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The remaining 261 articles were retrieved in full text and assessed for eligibility. After excluding 250 articles—primarily due to lack of relevance to user participation in social housing within the Nordic context—11 studies were included in the final scoping review. Flow diagram representing the identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of studies in the scoping review. A total of 8,020 records were identified across five databases. After removal of duplicates and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in the final synthesis. Inclusion criteria: Studies were included if they met the following conditions: 1. Peer-reviewed qualitative studies published between 2015 and 2025. This time frame was chosen to capture recent developments in research and practice related to user participation in social housing. A qualitative design was required, as the review sought to explore in-depth understandings of experiences, perspectives, and practices. 2. Empirical focus on user participation in social housing work or practices in Denmark, Norway, or Sweden. These three Nordic countries were selected because of their shared welfare-state traditions, comparable housing policies, and ongoing developments in user participation within social services. 3. Language of publication in Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, or English. These languages were selected as they are relevant to the Nordic context under study and accessible to the research team. Exclusion criteria: Studies were excluded if they met any of the following conditions: 1. Conducted outside the three countries of interest. This ensured that the review remained focused on the specific Nordic context. 2. Lacking an explicit focus on both social housing and user participation. Studies that addressed housing issues without considering user participation, or participation without reference to housing, were not included. 3. Based on quantitative or mixed-methods designs. As the review focused on qualitative insights, studies that did not employ a purely qualitative approach were excluded. 4. Reviews, knowledge summaries, or publications in languages other than Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, or English. The review focused on original empirical studies; therefore, secondary analyses and studies published in other languages were not considered. An analysis was conducted on the 11 core articles to identify patterns in how user participation in social housing is practiced and understood, drawing on Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach to thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006 ). First, the studies were read repeatedly to ensure familiarity with the data. Key findings and concepts related to participation were then systematically extracted from each article (phase 1–2: familiarization and generating initial codes). These data were coded inductively to capture recurring ideas and practices across different contexts. Next, the codes were compared, grouped, and iteratively refined into broader categories that reflected shared emphases across the literature (phase 3–4: searching for and reviewing themes). Through this process, three interconnected themes were defined and named: relational foundations for inclusive systems, shifting power and professional roles, and co-production and lived experience as drivers of systemic change (phase 5: defining and naming themes). Finally, these themes were analyzed to map how user participation is enacted in social housing and to highlight its potential to foster system-level innovation and social inclusion (phase 6: producing the report). Although Braun and Clarke have continued to develop their approach to thematic analysis, including refinements presented in 2022, this study does not draw on their most recent version. The reason is twofold. First, the aim of the analysis is primarily descriptive and mapping-oriented, focusing on identifying patterns across a defined body of literature, rather than engaging with the more reflexive, interpretative orientation emphasized in Braun and Clarke ( 2022 ). Second, the earlier articulation of thematic analysis provides a well-established and widely applied framework for inductive coding and theme development, which aligns with the scope and purpose of this review. Using the earlier framework ensures clarity, transparency, and comparability with other scoping and thematic reviews in the field, while avoiding unnecessary complexity that might divert attention from the substantive findings on user participation in social housing. The identification of these three interconnected themes is significant because they highlight the conditions under which user participation in social housing can move beyond symbolic involvement to become a driver of systemic change. First, relational foundations for inclusive systems emphasize the importance of trust, recognition, and reciprocity in building participatory practices that genuinely include marginalized groups. Second, shifting power and professional roles highlights how participation challenges traditional hierarchies, requiring professionals to reconfigure their roles and share authority with users. Finally, co-production and lived experience as drivers of systemic change demonstrate how embedding experiential knowledge in service design and decision-making can foster innovation and social inclusion at a system level. Together, these themes underscore why user participation should not be regarded as an isolated practice, but rather as a transformative approach with the potential to strengthen housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion. Findings Findings from this scoping review confirm that there is a broad consensus in the literature that user participation is both necessary and desirable in social housing work, as shown in Table 3 ; Findings. However, the review also reveals a clear gap in knowledge, how it is enacted in practice—particularly at the system level—or how it impacts concrete outcomes such as housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion. Table 3 Findings Title, Author(s), Journal, Year, Reference Country of origin Method Context and sample Main research aim Outcomes ---------------- Extracted data by outcomes Andersson, ( 2016 ). What makes supportive relationships supportive? The social climate in supported housing for people with psychiatric disabilities. Social Work in Mental Health . Sweden A qualitative methodology through interviews. Data were collected through participant observation and open-ended interviews with 17 men and women living in a suburban area in Stockholm, Sweden, having supported housing. To examine the relationship between a support worker and a person with psychiatric disabilities can vary depending on trust, communication, and power balance. Supportive relationships are built on respect, empathy, and safety, while non-supportive ones may lack trust or focus too much on control. These relationships can range from task-oriented to more person-centred, shaping how support is given and received. The article highlights that professional support is most effective when it builds a supportive social climate—grounded in personal interest, care, and respect. Empowering users through genuine relationships and agency promotes both occupational engagement and overall well-being. Friesinger et al., ( 2021 ). A critical perspective on texts about housing for people with mental health and/or substance-use problems: The idea about the most suitable housing. Nordic Social Work Research . Norway Critical discourse analysis Twelve texts. Ten research reports, one municipal guide and one municipal strategy. To examine how dominant texts in policy, research, and professional literature construct ideas about “suitable housing” for people with mental health and/or substance use challenges. The analysis shows that common ideas about independence and individualization often ignore different needs, make real user participation difficult, and hide structural barriers. This highlights the need for more inclusive, participatory, and context-aware housing solutions. Knutagård et al., ( 2021 ). Co-producing change in social housing programmes. Contagiopress . Sweden A participatory, action-oriented research design and “future” workshop The research was conducted across different social housing settings, including shelters, transitional housing, category housing, and Housing First apartments. Participants included service users, social workers, and other stakeholders, with a specific focus on those often overlooked in formal participation processes—referred to as the "missing heroes." The study aimed to move beyond symbolic participation by embedding co-production into social housing systems, with the goal of empowering users, building trust, and initiating deeper organizational change. The key findings show that recognizing and supporting “missing heroes” — often overlooked individuals — can lead to real, lasting change. When given the right support, they help drive user-led improvements. The study also found that when organizations are unprepared or not open, it can damage trust and make participation harder. On the other hand, clear and inclusive processes help build trust, empower people, and lead to better and more lasting results. Lindvig et al., ( 2019 ). It’s not just a lot of words: A qualitative exploration of residents’ descriptions of helpful relationships in supportive housing. European Journal of Social Work . Norway The research involved a collaborative development of recovery-oriented principles, engaging residents, staff, and researchers in the process. Methodologically, the study compared two groups: a project site with seven residents and reference sites with twenty-one residents This study aimed to integrate service-user involvement in social housing through structured co-production, moving beyond traditional top-down models. The study found that excessive organizational inertia or a lack of readiness can result in broken trust and unmet expectations. Trust-building and transparent communication emerged as essential foundations for lasting change. Lindvig et al., (2020). I will never forget him. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing . Norway The study is based on in-depth qualitative interviews with nine staff members, each of whom described a relationship with a resident who had considered them helpful. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns and meanings in the data The study explores how residents in supportive housing with severe mental health and/or drug problems experience helpful professional relationships. It aims to support service development by asking: (1) How do residents describe helpful relationships? (2) What help from staff do they find useful? (3) How does this help affect their lives? helpful relationships are shaped by mutual engagement: residents inspire connection and action, while staff members find personal meaning and fulfillment through these interactions. The relationships are characterized by emotional depth and reciprocity, forming a foundation for both recovery-oriented practice and meaningful user participation. Matscheck et al., ( 2022 ). Beyond formalized plans: User involvement in support in daily living – Users’ and support workers’ experiences. International Journal of Social Psychiatry . Sweden The methodology involved qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 18 users and 16 support workers The research was situated within Support in Daily Living (SIDL) services for individuals with long-term severe mental illness living independently. Despite legal requirements for user participation in Sweden, the study examined how such involvement actually unfolds in daily interactions between users and staff. The study aimed to explore how user involvement is experienced and enacted at the individual, micro-level in supported housing contexts, particularly through everyday, relational forms of support rather than through formalized plans. Key findings show that meaningful user involvement grows through everyday interactions, like walking or cleaning together, built on dialogue, flexibility, and respect. Users and workers saw formal plans as too rigid, valuing adaptive, relational support instead. These small moments fostered trust, autonomy, and recovery, showing that participation works best through daily partnership, not top-down procedures. Midjo et al., ( 2020 ). The complexity of work expectations of staff in supported housing. Social Work in Mental Health . Norway This article presents data from focus group interviews with a sample of health and social workers who make up the professional staff in the eight supported housings. The study was conducted within supported housing settings for individuals with long-term mental health conditions. Participants were frontline staff who regularly balance administrative tasks with relational care responsibilities. The aim was to examine how staff navigate conflicting expectations in their roles, and how organizational structures affect their ability to deliver recovery-oriented, participatory support. Staff struggled to balance institutional rules, professional norms, and residents’ needs. Administrative tasks limited time for meaningful interaction. Managing safety and autonomy created ethical tensions, while emotional labour was demanding. Limited staff and rigid policies also hindered person-centered, participatory work. Nesse et al.,(2022). Promoting recovery and citizenship in collaboration with residents in supported housing: A prospective comparative study. Nordic Social Work Research . Norway The study used a comparative, mixed-methods design combining quantitative questionnaires and qualitative data from collaborative meetings. It followed residents in supported housing over time to assess the effects of a recovery-oriented and citizenship-promoting intervention. The study was conducted in two Norwegian municipalities. The intervention group consisted of residents in supported housing who participated in structured collaborative meetings with staff over one year. The comparison group included residents receiving standard services without this structured collaboration. Participants had experiences with mental health and/or substance use challenges The aim was to explore whether a collaborative, recovery-oriented approach could promote personal recovery and citizenship among residents in supported housing, compared to standard services. Residents in the intervention group showed greater improvement in empowerment and personal recovery.Structured collaboration increased residents’ sense of inclusion, influence, and respect.Trusting, emotionally present staff relationships were key to recovery and inclusion. Raanaas et al., ( 2025 ). Service providers’ perspectives on their role in supporting residents in supported housing. Nordic Social Work Research . Norway The study used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews conducted with eight service providers across six supported housing sites in Norway. Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to explore providers’ perspectives on their roles. The research was situated in supported housing services for individuals with mental health and substance use challenges. Participants included experienced frontline staff working in varied organizational settings, highlighting diverse service contexts and support models The study aimed to explore how service providers understand and experience their roles in supporting residents in supported housing, with particular attention to relational, structural, and ethical dimensions of practice. Supportive relationships relied on trust, presence, and dialogue. Staff balanced risk with respect for independence, aiming to create a warm, stable, and dignified environment. Involvement in daily life and community was key to recovery, with support tailored to each resident and responsibilities handled individually. Sjåfjell, T., & Sælør, K. T. (2023). The only thing that is certain is that everything is uncertain: An exploration of recovery-oriented work in a residential facility for people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. Nordic Journal of Wellbeing and Sustainable Welfare Development Norway The study is a qualitative exploration of how staff and residents in a residential community (botilbud) describe their environment and everyday practices. The project took place in an apartment building where residents had regular leases and received follow-up from various services. Staff focused on community and home-based activities. Together with researchers and former residents, they developed and tested a model called recovery-oriented rehabilitation (ROR), built around five areas guiding housing and recovery work. This study explores the development and use of a recovery-oriented model in a housing setting. It asks:How do staff and former residents describe recovery-oriented practice in shared housing for people with substance use and mental health challenges?How do staff describe working with a recovery-oriented model? The study found that supported housing for people with mental health and substance use issues requires flexible, adaptive support. Recovery worked best through daily routines, trust-based relationships, and meaningful activities. Staff acted as facilitators, promoting user agency and shared decision-making. A stable, home-like setting and social connection were key to recovery and inclusion. Aaslund. (2020). Self-organization and voluntary organizations’ role in the fight against homelessness – A participatory action research project. Tidsskrift for boligforskning Norway The study uses participatory action research (PAR), emphasizing co-creation of knowledge and active involvement of participants with lived experience. The research process was collaborative, involving both researchers and participants in planning, implementation, reflection, and dissemination. The project was conducted in Norway and involved collaboration between researchers, people with lived experience of homelessness, and staff from voluntary organizations. The participants co-developed initiatives to challenge existing structures and advocate for change in housing policies and services. The article explores how self-organization among people with lived experience of homelessness, together with voluntary organizations, can contribute to systemic change and improved responses to homelessness. It investigates how participatory processes can empower marginalized groups and influence housing policy and services. Participants stressed self-organization to build identity and fight stigma. Voluntary groups provided support, but power imbalances caused tensions. Valuing lived experience shifted power and understanding of homelessness, promoting political engagement and enabling participants to drive change. A key finding in all eleven articles in this scoping review is that strong relationships between users and professionals—built on trust, emotional presence, and everyday interactions—are crucial for meaningful participation. Relational Foundations for Inclusive Systems Development in social housing services can depend on the quality of relationships between users and professionals. Trust, emotional presence, and everyday relational work form the foundation for meaningful participation. (Karlsson & Borg, 2021 ). These interactions — often informal and occurring outside formal planning structures — are essential for fostering dignity, autonomy, and engagement. When systems recognize and resource this relational work, they lay the groundwork for inclusive practices that move beyond procedural participation. Trust emerges as a fundamental precondition for engagement in supported housing, enabling residents to participate meaningfully in their own care (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig et al., 2020). Everyday participation is fostered through informal practices that allow residents to contribute to routines and decisions in ways that fit their daily lives, highlighting the importance of flexible, co-produced support structures (Matscheck et al., Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ; Complementing this, recovery-oriented and person-centered approaches emphasize respect for user-defined goals, ensuring that support aligns with individual aspirations and promotes autonomy within a framework of professional guidance (Midjo et al., 2020 ;Raanaas et al., 2025 ). Analyses of social housing services demonstrate that the possibility of inclusive systems is contingent on relational quality between service users and professionals. While policies often emphasize structural reforms and procedural participation, the research suggests that trust, everyday practices, and person-centered approaches are the actual mechanisms through which inclusion is realized. First, studies highlight trust as a prerequisite for engagement. Andersson ( 2016 ) and Lindvig et al., (2020) show that supportive relationships, grounded in reliability and recognition, enable users to participate meaningfully. Without trust, formal invitations to participate risk remaining superficial, reinforcing procedural rather than substantive involvement. Second, research on everyday participation through informal practices (Matscheck et al., 2022 ; Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ) .demonstrates that much of what enables dignity and autonomy occurs outside formalized plans. These findings challenge system-level approaches that over-rely on standardized procedures, suggesting that participation must be understood as a lived, ongoing practice embedded in daily relational interactions. Third, the emphasis on recovery-oriented and person-centered approaches (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Raanaas et al., 2025 ). underscores that inclusive systems must respect user-defined goals rather than impose predefined service trajectories. This orientation requires organizations to balance professional and institutional expectations with the subjective needs of users, illustrating the tension between system demands and relational responsiveness. Taken together, these studies indicate that relational foundations are central to system inclusivity. When systems fail to acknowledge or resource the relational dimension of social housing work, participation risks being reduced to symbolic compliance (Aaslund, 2022 ). Conversely, when relational practices are recognized as essential infrastructure—on par with funding or housing supply—systems are better positioned to deliver services that promote genuine inclusion, recovery, and citizenship (Ranaas et al.,2025). Shifting Power and Professional Roles System-level innovation requires rethinking power dynamics and professional roles. Structural barriers, rigid policies, and professional norms can limit user agency, resulting in symbolic rather than substantive participation from a gatekeeping to a facilitative role involves acknowledging the ethical tensions frontline workers face and supporting them in navigating complexity, emotional labour, and conflicting demands. The literature also highlights how structural barriers and unequal power relations can limit meaningful participation, reflecting the ways broader social and policy contexts shape residents’ opportunities to influence their support (Aaslund, 2020 ;Friesinger et al.,2021). Professional tensions and organizational constraints further complicate practice, as staff navigate competing expectations, rigid protocols, and accountability demands that can inadvertently restrict resident agency (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Raanaas et al., 2025 ). These challenges underscore the need for flexible systems that can accommodate individual preferences and support co-produced routines, allowing residents to engage actively in shaping both their daily lives and the services they receive (Lindvig et al,.2019; Knutagård et al.,2021; Nesse et al., 2022 ). System-level innovation in social housing requires a fundamental reconfiguration of power dynamics and professional roles. Although user participation is often framed as a core policy goal, research reveals how structural barriers, rigid policies, and entrenched professional norms can limit agency, producing participation that is symbolic rather than substantive (Midjo et al., 2020 ). Moving from a gatekeeping to a facilitative role requires both acknowledging the ethical tensions faced by frontline workers and designing systems that support professionals in navigating complexity, emotional labour, and conflicting demands. First, studies expose how structural barriers and unequal power relations shape housing services. Friesinger et al. ( 2021 ) show how discourses about the “most suitable housing” embed normative assumptions that restrict user autonomy, while Aaslund ( 2020 ) highlights the role of voluntary organizations in challenging state-defined boundaries and creating alternative spaces for participation. Both studies illustrate how user agency is curtailed when system-level frameworks privilege professional or institutional logics over lived experience. Second, research underscores the tensions professionals face within organizational constraints. Midjo et al. ( 2020 ) and Raanaas et al. ( 2025 ) demonstrate how staff are caught between system-imposed expectations and the realities of supporting user-defined recovery goals. These tensions generate ethical dilemmas, where workers must balance professional responsibility, organizational efficiency, and relational care. Without structural recognition of this complexity, professionals risk becoming gatekeepers rather than facilitators of participation. Third, several studies point to the need for flexible systems that enable meaningful participation. Lindvig et al., ( 2019 ) show how helpful relationships emerge when professionals adapt to users’ lived needs, rather than adhering strictly to formal plans. Knutagård et al., ( 2021 ) highlight co-production in social housing programs as a structural innovation that redistributes power, while Nesse et al., ( 2022 ) provide evidence that collaboration with residents strengthens recovery and citizenship. Collectively, these studies argue for systems that build flexibility into policy and practice, enabling professionals to share power and create conditions where user voices can shape outcomes. Taken together, the findings suggest that shifting power is not only a question of user inclusion but also of professional transformation. To move beyond symbolic participation, systems must dismantle rigid structures that constrain both users and professionals. Supporting staff in their emotional and ethical labour, and creating organizational conditions for facilitation rather than control, is central to building inclusive housing services that are both responsive and just. Co-Production and Lived Experience as Drivers of Systemic Change Genuine innovation and inclusion occur when people with lived experience are recognized as experts and co-creators of services. Co-production and participatory research approaches challenge dominant narratives and foster new forms of knowledge and practice. Stable, home-like environments provide the foundation from which individuals can engage, advocate, and shape services. Co-production is highlighted as a key method for fostering inclusion and driving innovation in social housing services, enabling residents and staff to collaboratively shape practices and routines (Lindvig et al,.2019; Knutagård et al., 2021 ). Lived experience is recognized as an important form of expertise that can inform both policy and service development, ensuring that initiatives respond to actual needs and priorities rather than assumptions (Aaslund, 2020 ). Moreover, stable housing is identified as a foundational condition for participation and empowerment, providing residents with the security and continuity necessary to engage meaningfully in both daily life and broader decision-making processes (Lindvig et al., 2020; Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). Genuine innovation and inclusion in social housing services occur when people with lived experience are recognized not only as service recipients but as experts and co-creators of knowledge and practice. Co-production and participatory approaches challenge dominant narratives about need, dependency, and professional authority, fostering systemic change that is grounded in lived realities. Importantly, stable and supportive housing environments provide the necessary foundation from which individuals can engage, advocate, and shape the systems that affect their lives. First, research highlights co-production as a method for inclusion and innovation. Knutagård et al., ( 2021 ) demonstrate how co-production in social housing programmes disrupts traditional hierarchies, redistributing power between professionals and service users. Similarly, Lindvig et al., ( 2019 ) show how supportive relationships that allow space for user agency become building blocks for participatory practices. These studies illustrate how co-production can generate not only more inclusive services but also new ways of understanding and addressing complex social needs. Second, the recognition of lived experience as expertise emerges as a central mechanism for systemic change. Aaslund ( 2020 ) shows how voluntary and user-led organizations can act as counterbalances to state services by mobilizing experiential knowledge in the fight against homelessness. This work challenges the dominance of professional perspectives in policy and service design, arguing that sustainable change requires the epistemic authority of those directly affected. Third, the importance of stable housing as a condition for participation and empowerment is made clear in several studies. Sjåfjell & Sælør ( 2023 ) highlight how recovery-oriented work in residential facilities depends on stability and predictability to allow residents to engage in shaping their environment. Lindvig et al., (2020) further show that trusting, emotionally significant relationships create the safety necessary for participation. Nesse et al. ( 2022 ) confirm that secure, home-like settings enable residents to collaborate with staff in ways that enhance recovery and citizenship. Together, these findings emphasize that participation is not possible without the material and emotional security that stable housing provides. The findings suggest that systemic change in social housing services is driven by co-production and the valorization of lived experience. When service users are positioned as equal partners and stable housing conditions are ensured, systems move beyond symbolic gestures of inclusion toward genuine transformation. This requires not only methodological shifts in how services are designed and delivered but also a cultural and political reorientation that acknowledges lived experience as indispensable expertise. Discussion The aim of this scoping review was to investigate how user participation is demonstrated in social housing services in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The findings reveal a consistent paradox: while participation is widely endorsed in policy discourse, its realization in practice remains uneven, relationally fragile, and constrained by organizational and structural barriers. Research demonstrates how system-defined models of “suitable housing” can overshadow user choice and reduce participation to a symbolic level (Friesinger et al., 2021 ), whereas supportive relationships and trust are emphasized as key enablers of engagement (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig, 2020). Co-production is highlighted as both a method for innovation and a fragile practice that can be undermined by rigid organizational frameworks (Lindvig et al., 2019 ; Knutagård et al., 2021 )., and studies underscore the importance of recovery- and citizenship-oriented approaches that anchor support in user-defined goals and community life (Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). At the same time, formalized plans and professional expectations can limit flexibility, rendering participation procedural rather than substantive (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Service providers also report how structural conditions, such as budget constraints and mandates, restrict residents’ influence (Raanaas et al., 2025 ), while research on voluntary organizations suggests that self-organization often emerges as an alternative where public systems remain rigid (Aaslund, 2020 ). Placed in the context of welfare state transformations over the past decade, these findings acquire sharper significance. Social housing services are increasingly shaped by hierarchical steering, tighter municipal budgets, and needs-tested eligibility criteria (Viken, 2022 ). These reforms mark a departure from the historic Nordic model in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, which combined universal rights, locally anchored services, and broad participation (Viken, 2022 ). As a result, user participation risks being reduced to symbolic exercise rather than serving as a genuine mechanism for empowerment, democratic engagement, or systemic change. This tendency is echoed in research documenting how structural barriers and policy logics constrain residents’ opportunities for influence (Friesinger et al., 2021 ), how professional tensions and organizational expectations limit flexibility in everyday practice (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Raanaas et al., 2025 ), and how voluntary and user-led initiatives emerge as alternatives to rigid public systems (Aaslund, 2020 ). Collectively, these studies illustrate how welfare reforms and managerial steering can undermine the relational and democratic ambitions of user participation, reinforcing the risk that it remains symbolic rather than transformative. The review highlights three key consequences of these welfare state changes. First, relational foundations—trust, emotional presence, and everyday interactions—remain crucial for meaningful participation (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig et al., 2019 , 2020; Nesse et al., 2022 ). Yet such practices are often informal and undervalued in welfare systems increasingly oriented toward efficiency, standardization, and top-down control (Midjo et al., 2020 ; Friesinger et al., 2021 ;). Second, power and professional roles are tightly constrained by rigid policies and organizational norms, positioning professionals as gatekeepers rather than facilitators of participation (Matscheck et al., 2022 ; Raanaas eg al., 2025). Third, co-production and recognition of lived experience emerge as essential drivers of systemic change (Aaslund, 2020 ; Knutagård et al., 2021 ). Stable housing and the valorization of user expertise are prerequisites for genuine inclusion, but these mechanisms can be undermined by reforms prioritizing cost-containment and administrative control (Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). Critically, these dynamics reveal a paradox: while participation is promoted as a core value, welfare state reforms erode the structural and relational conditions necessary to realize it. Without deliberate efforts to resource relational work, redistribute power, and embedding co-production into system design, participation risks remaining rhetorical rather than transformative. The findings thus illuminate both the micro-level mechanisms of participation and the broader effects of welfare state transformations—reforms framed as efficiency-driven that may inadvertently undermine the democratic and inclusive principles historically associated with the Nordic model (Friesinger et al., 2021 ; Raanaas et al., 2025 ). Participation begins in everyday interactions between service users and professionals. Trust, continuity, and recognition of user-defined goals form the relational infrastructure on which inclusion depends (Karlsson & Borg, 2021 ). Yet such relational work is consistently undervalued, displaced by managerial priorities emphasizing efficiency, surveillance, and standardized procedures (Nesse et al., 2022 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). By deprioritizing relational practices, services reproduce stigma, positioning users as cases to be managed rather than citizens with rights. Without confronting this systemic neglect, participation risks remaining symbolic, reinforcing rather than disrupting exclusion (Knutagård et al., 2021 ). This problem is further compounded when participation is formalized into processes that legitimize existing systems without redistributing power. Service users may be invited to advisory boards or consultations, but their influence is often contained (Friesinger et al., 2021 ). Participation thus becomes less a pathway to empowerment than a technology of control—symbolically including while substantively excluding. Professionals face a dilemma: expected to empower users while enforcing rules that restrict participation (Knutagård et al., 2021 ). These double binds generate mistrust and stigma, leaving staff exhausted and users disillusioned (Hansen, 2013; O’Shaughnessy & Greenwood, 2021). Unless institutional cultures and professional identities are reconstructed, user participation will remain trapped in this paradox (Knutagård et al., 2021 ). Yet, the review also demonstrates the transformative potential of recognizing lived experience as expertise. Co-production approaches can challenge dominant narratives and foster more flexible, coordinated services (Aaslund, 2021; Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Stable housing provides the foundation from which users can advocate for and shape the systems affecting their lives (Karlsson & Borg, 2021 ). However, inclusion is uneven: voices associated with recovery, stability, or middle-class articulacy are celebrated, while those marked by ongoing substance use, poverty, or psychiatric crisis remain stigmatized and excluded (Knutagård, 2021). This selective recognition creates a hierarchy of participation even within participatory spaces, raising the question of whether participatory knowledge can be institutionalized to genuinely redistribute power—or whether it will be co-opted, widening the appearance of inclusion while leaving deep exclusions intact (Beresford, 2019 ; Johansen, 2022). National evaluations illustrate the consequences of weak participation. The Norwegian Auditor General (Riksrevisjonen, 2025 ) found that people facing both substance use and mental health challenges are underserved by fragmented and inflexible systems, with persistent housing insecurity undermining recovery. Similarly, the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights (2024) documents discrimination in housing provision for people with substance use problems, reporting stays in stigmatizing hostels described by one informant as “the backyard of death” (p. 39). While some users report supportive encounters with staff, they remain critical of housing allocation systems that perpetuate exclusion. By contrast, (Helsedirektoratet, 2025 ) frames participation as both a legal right and professional imperative, insisting that influence must be genuine and embedded across service design, delivery, and evaluation. The gap between these aspirations and frontline realities illustrates systemic neglect of participation. These challenges must be understood in light of historical shifts in Nordic housing regimes. Since the 1980s, public housing has become increasingly residual, reserved for the most disadvantaged, while market mechanisms have shaped allocation and provision (Bengtsson, 2017). This shift has concentrated vulnerability and reinforced stigmatization (Matscheck et al.,2022). Municipalities often have detailed knowledge of residents’ needs, yet this does not automatically translate into sustainable housing solutions or participatory practices (Aaslund, 2020 ; Matscheck et al., 2022 ). Research shows that relational and recovery-oriented work is central to well-being and citizenship, but staff face complex role expectations and organizational constraints that limit implementation (Karlssson, 2016; Midjo et al., 2020 ; Knutagård et al., 2021 ; Sjåfjell & Sælør, 2023 ). Residents’ experiences indicate that supportive relationships, social climate, and meaningful involvement are central to recovery and citizenship, yet these elements are not always systematically realized (Andersson, 2016 ; Lindvig et al., 2019 ; 2020; Nesse et al., 2022 ). This illustrates why social housing and user participation in the Nordic context can be considered a wicked problem: technical solutions alone are insufficient without attention to relational, participatory, and context-sensitive dimensions of practice. We conclude that user participation in social housing requires more than well-intentioned policies or structured consultations. True participation demands an ongoing commitment to relational work, where the voices of residents are not only heard but have the power to shape decisions, routines, and service design. It requires acknowledging and addressing structural inequalities, stigma, and professional hierarchies that often undermine inclusion. Moving forward, housing services must embrace flexibility, co-production, and the centrality of lived experience, recognizing that meaningful participation is inherently political and context-dependent. Only by confronting these complexities can participation shift from a symbolic ideal to a tangible instrument of empowerment and social justice. User participation in social housing is a deeply political and relational process, where meaningful inclusion requires confronting power, disrupting exclusion, and centering lived experience rather than relying on procedural or symbolic measures. Declarations Ethical Approval: The study is approved by SIKT (Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research) Funding: The study was funded by UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Conflict of interest: The author declares no competing interests. Availability of data and materials: All of the databases, search words and string are presented in the appendix. References Andersson, J. (2016). What makes supportive relationships supportive? The social climate in supported housing for people with psychiatric disabilities. 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Tidsskrift for Psykisk Helsearbeid , 19(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.18261/tph.19.1.6 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementary.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 10 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 20 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":74303,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eConnections Between System, Service, and Individual Levels of User Participation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7664136/v1/b1d075692a1cd1c6f66bd288.png"},{"id":94658738,"identity":"46da7060-6667-4451-b1d6-62ed99788328","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-29 11:13:25","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":40452,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eProcedure of Finding the Articles\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7664136/v1/d30e5614c9214615edf60ac2.png"},{"id":94727952,"identity":"b43a85fa-8f32-46af-a6d0-0ea4c7fb6207","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 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Sweden\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis scoping review maps out literature on user participation in social housing work and practices in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The scope has the starting point that user participation has become a central value in social housing policies and services across these three Nordic welfare states. It is promoted to strengthen empowerment, improve the quality and relevance of services, and reinforce democratic values (Beresford, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Focusing on Norway, Sweden, and Denmark allows for an analytically coherent exploration of social housing and user participation within the context of the Social Democratic welfare state tradition. This makes it possible to identify common patterns and paradoxes that are specific to the Scandinavian model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother reason for focusing on Denmark, Norway, and Sweden is their common foundation in universalist welfare models. While the ambition of user participation is shared across these countries, differences in political priorities and institutional arrangements shape how it is implemented in practice. To our knowledge, no existing scoping review has addressed the theme selected for this study. We identified a need for a review that offers a more comprehensive understanding of the development of user participation in social housing work and practices. Such insights will be valuable for practitioners, service users, and others with an interest in the field. This scoping review draws on qualitative research published between 2015\u0026ndash;2025 to contribute to fresh findings on user part in social housing work in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the field of social housing, participation is not simply a matter of principle, it can directly affect whether people receive help that meets their actual needs. Research shows that, across the Nordic countries, people with substance use and/or mental health challenges risk not receiving tailored, person-centered support (Hansen, 2013). Even when individuals have a home, challenges with quality of life, housing stability, and social inclusion can persist (Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al.,2021). Recent findings from The Norwegian Auditor General Riksrevisjonen (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) further show that people with co-occurring substance use and mental health conditions are often deprioritized in housing and welfare services, face fragmented support, and rarely have influence over the services that affect their lives\u0026mdash;reflecting persistent stigma and systemic neglect (Andersson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). People with mental health or substance use challenges share the same dream as others: a stable home. They want to choose where and with whom they live, have control over services, and live in quality housing within inclusive neighborhoods that foster participation and meaningful relationship (Andvig et al.,2013; Lindvig et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServices for people with mental health issues and / or substance use are evolving, trying to incorporate factors such as user participation (Nouf \u0026amp; Ineland, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). A defining characteristic of the Nordic welfare systems is the ideologically rooted emphasis on user participation as a means of strengthening service users\u0026rsquo; influence on services. Nevertheless, a variety of methods and strategies have been employed to pursue these goals (Ineland, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuch of the existing research focuses on policy intentions or individual case-level involvement, with limited insight into the mechanisms and conditions that can move participation from tokenism to genuine influence (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Addressing this gap is crucial for developing housing policies and services that are responsive, equitable, and aligned with the human right to adequate housing. Despite the ideologically emphasis on user participation, people with mental health issues and / or substance use are often stigmatized and marginalized, with a notion that they are not capable of being reliable sources of knowledge (Norges Institusjon for Menneskerettigheter, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted the link between human rights and mental health as early as in 1996 with the Guidelines for the promotion of the Human Right of persons with mental health issues (Karlsson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) Healthy housing supports physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 2019). It offers a sense of home through belonging, security, and privacy, while also providing safe and sound living conditions\u0026mdash;such as shelter from the elements, good sanitation, adequate space, and protection from hazards. Beyond the housing itself, healthy housing depends on the surrounding community, access to services, green spaces, and safe transport, as well as protection from pollution and disasters (WHO, 2018). Despite this, the WHO-report (2019), states that discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental health issues and / or substance use is prominent, and there is an imminent need to develop practises and services (Karlsson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA safe and secure home is a recognized human right. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone is entitled to a standard of living adequate for their health and wellbeing, including food, clothing, housing, healthcare, and essential social services (United Nations, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1948\u003c/span\u003e, Article 25). In social housing work, fulfilling these rights in practice requires more than simply providing a roof\u0026mdash;it requires creating systems in which those affected are active partners in decisions about their housing and support (Andersson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Participation\u0026mdash;central to full citizenship and the realization of human rights\u0026mdash;is often inaccessible to those without stable housing or social support (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). This lack of accessibility can prevent individuals from being recognized as full members of society, able to voice concerns, influence decisions, and benefit from democratic processes (WHO,2022). Although the right to housing and the importance of user participation are widely acknowledged in both policy and research, there is limited knowledge about how these principles are put into practice in the context of social housing in Northern Norway. Existing studies often examine either housing stability or participation, but rarely explore the relationship between the two, or how participation can support housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion for people with mental health and substance use challenges. Furthermore, much of the international literature focuses on urban contexts or on countries with different welfare systems, leaving a gap in understanding how universalist welfare states such as Norway address these issues in smaller municipalities and rural areas. By investigating pathways of participation in this specific context, this article contributes new knowledge on how human rights commitments and welfare ideals can be translated into concrete practices that foster both stability and inclusion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAim and Research Question\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this article is to map and synthesize qualitative research on user participation in social housing in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and to identify overarching themes that may inform policy and practice. The research question guiding this review is: What themes can be identified in qualitative studies on user participation in social housing across these three countries?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nordic context, similarities and differences\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough Denmark, Norway and Sweden share welfare state principles\u0026mdash;universal social rights, strong public provision, and commitments to social inclusion\u0026mdash;their housing sectors are organised differently, shaping distinct approaches to user participation (Ineland, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Sweden and Denmark have stronger traditions of area-based interventions, focusing on community-level planning, while Norway emphasizes individualized support and scattered-site housing, as shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e; Approaches to User Particopation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Conversely, Sweden and Denmark have invested less in programs targeting marginalized groups in the housing market (Jensen, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Despite these differences, the countries face common challenges, such as housing shortages, social segregation, and inclusion of vulnerable populations. Since the mid-1980s, housing regimes in the Nordic countries have undergone major changes under the influence of neoliberal reforms, emphasizing market-oriented solutions and financialization. In Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, center-right governments curtailed housing subsidies and introduced market-based incentives, reshaping national housing policies. As S\u0026oslash;rvoll \u0026amp; Bengtsson (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) point out in their study of co-operative housing in Sweden and Norway, this development reflects a broader trend of deregulation and marketization, where housing came to be treated less as a social right and more as a market commodity. Examining these variations is crucial for understanding how different welfare state models influence housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion, and for identifying innovative strategies that can enhance user participation across the region\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1: Approaches to User Participation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003eExamining these variations is crucial for understanding how different welfare state models influence housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion, and for identifying innovative strategies that can enhance user participation across the region. Studies show that cultural and structural differences across Nordic countries shape how supported housing services are conceptualized and delivered (Friesinger et al,.2021). While staff roles share common features, local policies and practices create variations in work expectations and conditions (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Voluntary organizations also play an important role in addressing homelessness, though their influence and integration into formal housing services differ across countries (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking more closely at the three countries, Norway has the clearest legal foundation for user rights. These rights are anchored in the Pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven (1999), which obliges services to involve users, and in the new national professional guidelines for user and family participation in mental health and substance use services (Helsedirektoratet, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e), which define responsibilities at the individual, service, and system levels. Sweden, by contrast, has institutionalized participatory methods, such as user-led service evaluations. (Regjeringen, 2013)., a scheme that supports people with severe mental health challenges in accessing their rights and navigating complex systems. While highly influential, the PO scheme is not legally enshrined; it is funded through national regulations and municipal grants. Denmark emphasizes citizen and user involvement through Serviceloven (1988) with highlights municipalities and regions running development projects that involve user organizations in decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe differences can be summarized as follows: Norway has the strongest legal anchoring, Sweden has institutionalized participatory methods, and Denmark has developed a broad practice- and policy-driven culture of citizen involvement. Denmark has an increasing focus on user participation in the social sector (Ineland, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). All three countries share the principle of user participation across individual, service, and system levels, and they employ overlapping methods such as councils, peer workers, family involvement, and structured evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUser participation in Nordic social housing services and practices\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the eleven articles in this scoping review, user participation is understood as more than formal involvement in service plans. The articles describe the quality of everyday relationships, the degree of control residents can exercise over their home and support, and whether services allow for co-production, as shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;Individual, Service and System Dimensions of User Participation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndividual, Service, and System Dimensions of User Participation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLevel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImportant features\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndividual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt refers to the right of service users to choose their own services and decide how the services are implemented\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Service users are actively involved in decisions about their own housing and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; The idea here is more than choosing between pre-set options\u0026mdash;it involves shaping solutions that reflect their needs, preferences, and life goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; For people with experiences of homelessness, mental health issues, or substance use, this requires building trust, ensuring clear and accessible communication, and allowing time for relationships to develop.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Active involvement at this level strengthens autonomy and helps ensure that services respond to the complexities of people\u0026rsquo;s everyday lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAndersson, (2016); Lindvig et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e); Lindvig et al. (2020); Matscheck \u0026amp; Topor (2022); Nesse et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eService\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousing services work in partnership with users to design, deliver, and evaluate programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; User participation at service level aim to change services so they are equal to everyone in the same situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; It demands structures for ongoing dialogue\u0026mdash;such as user councils, advisory boards, or co-research projects\u0026mdash;and a willingness from professionals to share decision-making power.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; For people whose previous contact with services may have been fragmented or stigmatizing, service-level participation can be a turning point in rebuilding trust and fostering a sense of belonging.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMidjo et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e);\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystem level refers to policies, housing strategies, and structural frameworks where user knowledge is embedded to shape legislation, funding, and long-term solutions to housing instability and social exclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Policy development and housing strategies incorporate user voices to ensure that structural solutions address real-world challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; not only consulting users, but also embedding their knowledge into legislative frameworks, funding priorities, and long-term strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Without system-level participation, there is a risk that well-intentioned policies will fail to address the root causes of housing instability and social exclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; For marginalized groups, inclusion at this level is essential to break cycles of neglect and to ensure that human rights commitments\u0026mdash;such as the right to adequate housing\u0026mdash;are met.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFriesinger et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e); Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e); Aaslund ( 2020).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFriesinger et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrate how discourses on \u0026ldquo;suitable housing\u0026rdquo; for people with mental health or substance-use problems are largely produced by professionals and policy documents, rather than by users themselves. Such framing narrows opportunities for user choice and participation before any frontline interaction begins, making participation more symbolic than real.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInside services, participation is enacted through daily interactions. Andersson (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) finds that trust, reciprocity, and fairness in supported housing foster constructive social climates, which residents perceive as supportive and participatory. Two studies by Lindvig et al,. (2019; 2020) further highlight that residents describe helpful relationships as mutual, trustworthy, and authentic, where staff show flexibility, respect timing, and sometimes engage in friendship-like interactions. Here, participation is not primarily about formalized roles but about recognition and dialogue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNesse et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) add that when staff adopt recovery- and citizenship-oriented perspectives, collaboration with residents extends participation beyond the housing unit itself into community life. In this way, user involvement strengthens both empowerment and belonging. Similarly, Matscheck et al,. (2022) demonstrated that real user involvement often takes shape through flexible and informal negotiations between staff and residents, rather than through formalized participation plans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrganizational choices play a key role in determining whether user participation remains symbolic or becomes genuinely co-productive. Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al,. (2021) document social-housing programs in Sweden where residents, practitioners, and community actors co-produce solutions. Their study shows how open formats, low thresholds, and quick feedback loops institutionalize resident voice, while also revealing tensions between professional authority and user influence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMatscheck et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) argues that everyday flexibility in routines allows for stronger user involvement, whereas over-formalization can suppress resident influence. From the staff perspective, Raanaas et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) show that providers often struggle to balance empowerment with safety and accountability. Some act as facilitators of participation, while others adopt more protective roles that limit user influence. Midjo et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) further point out how structural pressures from New Public Management\u0026mdash;time constraints, documentation, and skill-training mandates\u0026mdash;narrow the space for authentic participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipation is also materially shaped by housing design, rules, and location. Lindvig et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) found that small flexibilities\u0026mdash;such as sharing coffee, adjusting curfews, or using common areas\u0026mdash;signal belonging and recognition, supporting residents\u0026rsquo; sense of participation. Friesinger et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) showed that policy discourses prescribing small, robust housing in marginalized areas can restrict opportunities for user-led activities and community connection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipation also takes collective forms, as shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e; Connections Between System, Services and Individual Levels of User Participation. Aaslund (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), through participatory action research, highlights how voluntary organizations and user-led initiatives in homelessness contexts create alternative arenas for influence. Here, users are not merely consulted but actively shape solutions outside of state-run services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcross these studies, practices that reliably support participation include:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRelational continuity and discretion (staff who can bend routines when needed) (Andersson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e, 2020; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al.,2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-produced routines (plans as living documents, renegotiated in real time) (Lindvig et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al.,2021; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecovery and citizenship orientations (anchoring support in roles, rights, and community life) (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrganizational permission for flexibility (avoiding overly rigid mandates) (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpen, boundary-spanning programs (involving third-sector partners and user groups) (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnduring dilemmas highlighted across studies:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCare vs. control: safety and accountability demands can mute resident voice, requiring proportional and dialogical risk practices (Andersson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al,. 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlans vs. life: while formal plans secure rights, they can also hinder support if not easily renegotiated (Lindvig et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProvision vs. participation: predesigned models of \u0026ldquo;suitable housing\u0026rdquo; can overshadow user choice; more diverse models are needed to let residents shape the offer itself (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Friesinger et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorking with people who experience mental health issues, or substance use, presents particular challenges across all levels (Matscheck et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Mistrust of services, unstable life situations, and barriers to communication or engagement can make participation difficult (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Overcoming these challenges requires patience, tailored approaches, and the recognition that participation is both a legal right and a pathway to empowerment, stability, and social inclusion (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eFor this article, a scoping review (Arksey \u0026amp; O\u0026rsquo;Malley, 2005) was chosen as the methodology, with a focus on qualitative research, aiming to explore what has been reported in qualitative studies and to provide an overview of central themes and insights in the included articles. This study adopts a scoping review methodology, guided by Arksey and O\u0026rsquo;Malley\u0026rsquo;s (2005) framework. The methods included systematic searches in databases included Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (OVID), Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest. Search strings combined terms related to \u0026ldquo;social housing work\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;user participation\u0026rdquo; in Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish The results were synthesized using a thematic analysis approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA scoping review does not apply the same systematic rigor in search strategies as a systematic review (Arksey \u0026amp; O\u0026rsquo;Malley 2005). A scoping review typically has a more open research question and defines inclusion criteria after searching the databases (post hoc). This method is often used when the research field is limited, when different research methods are applied, and when the aim is to present an overview of the field. When conducted as scoping reviews, they serve to highlight important issues for consumers, practitioners, and even policymakers by collecting, analysing, and presenting key information in a field (Arksey \u0026amp; O\u0026rsquo;Malley 2005). Through a systematic process, scoping reviews identify relevant studies, extract and organize data, synthesize findings, and ultimately provide a comprehensive summary of the results\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this scoping review is to map findings from qualitative studies on user participation in social housing in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and to identify overarching themes that can inform both research and practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArksey and O\u0026rsquo;Malleys (2005) framework within scoping review consists of five key stages:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Identifying the research question: The review begins with a broad, exploratory research question designed to capture the extent, range, and nature of research on the topic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Identifying relevant studies: A comprehensive search strategy is developed across academic databases, grey literature, and relevant organizational sources. The aim is to be as inclusive as possible, reflecting the exploratory nature of scoping reviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. Study selection: Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied iteratively. Titles, abstracts, and full texts are screened to ensure relevance to the research question.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. Charting the data: Key information from each included study (e.g., author, year, country, study design, population, main findings) is extracted and organized systematically.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5. Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results: Data are synthesized thematically and descriptively to map the breadth of evidence, highlight main concepts, and identify gaps in the literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe scope process was done between June and August 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethodology\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe starting point was to formulate the aim of the scoping review, followed by advanced search in five databases. The rationale for these databases was that they capture articles both in English and Nordic language and also has interdisciplinary research. The initial search with search strings and search words was conducted with the help of a librarian at UIT, The Artic University of Norway.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection process involved several steps, as shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e; Procedures of Finding the Articles First, titles and abstracts were screened to exclude clearly irrelevant material. Next, potentially relevant articles were examined in full to assess their eligibility against the inclusion criteria. In this stage, the research question could only be addressed by critically reading all the texts, not only abstracts that might not present the content fully. The research team discussed the selected articles. Only qualitative studies addressing user participation in social housing policies, services, or practices were included in the final sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs already mentioned, databases included Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (OVID), Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest. Search strings combined terms related to \u0026ldquo;social housing work\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;user participation\u0026rdquo; in Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSystematic searches were conducted on the Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scandinavian University Press, and ProQuest, giving 8,020 records. Following the removal of 127 duplicates, 7,893 records underwent title and abstract screening. Of these, 7,738 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe remaining 261 articles were retrieved in full text and assessed for eligibility. After excluding 250 articles\u0026mdash;primarily due to lack of relevance to user participation in social housing within the Nordic context\u0026mdash;11 studies were included in the final scoping review.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlow diagram representing the identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of studies in the scoping review. A total of 8,020 records were identified across five databases. After removal of duplicates and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in the final synthesis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies were included if they met the following conditions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Peer-reviewed qualitative studies published between 2015 and 2025. This time frame was chosen to capture recent developments in research and practice related to user participation in social housing. A qualitative design was required, as the review sought to explore in-depth understandings of experiences, perspectives, and practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Empirical focus on user participation in social housing work or practices in Denmark, Norway, or Sweden. These three Nordic countries were selected because of their shared welfare-state traditions, comparable housing policies, and ongoing developments in user participation within social services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. Language of publication in Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, or English. These languages were selected as they are relevant to the Nordic context under study and accessible to the research team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies were excluded if they met any of the following conditions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Conducted outside the three countries of interest. This ensured that the review remained focused on the specific Nordic context.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Lacking an explicit focus on both social housing and user participation. Studies that addressed housing issues without considering user participation, or participation without reference to housing, were not included.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. Based on quantitative or mixed-methods designs. As the review focused on qualitative insights, studies that did not employ a purely qualitative approach were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. Reviews, knowledge summaries, or publications in languages other than Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, or English. The review focused on original empirical studies; therefore, secondary analyses and studies published in other languages were not considered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn analysis was conducted on the 11 core articles to identify patterns in how user participation in social housing is practiced and understood, drawing on Braun and Clarke\u0026rsquo;s six-phase approach to thematic analysis (Braun \u0026amp; Clarke \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). First, the studies were read repeatedly to ensure familiarity with the data. Key findings and concepts related to participation were then systematically extracted from each article (phase 1\u0026ndash;2: familiarization and generating initial codes). These data were coded inductively to capture recurring ideas and practices across different contexts. Next, the codes were compared, grouped, and iteratively refined into broader categories that reflected shared emphases across the literature (phase 3\u0026ndash;4: searching for and reviewing themes). Through this process, three interconnected themes were defined and named: relational foundations for inclusive systems, shifting power and professional roles, and co-production and lived experience as drivers of systemic change (phase 5: defining and naming themes). Finally, these themes were analyzed to map how user participation is enacted in social housing and to highlight its potential to foster system-level innovation and social inclusion (phase 6: producing the report).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough Braun and Clarke have continued to develop their approach to thematic analysis, including refinements presented in 2022, this study does not draw on their most recent version. The reason is twofold. First, the aim of the analysis is primarily descriptive and mapping-oriented, focusing on identifying patterns across a defined body of literature, rather than engaging with the more reflexive, interpretative orientation emphasized in Braun and Clarke (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Second, the earlier articulation of thematic analysis provides a well-established and widely applied framework for inductive coding and theme development, which aligns with the scope and purpose of this review. Using the earlier framework ensures clarity, transparency, and comparability with other scoping and thematic reviews in the field, while avoiding unnecessary complexity that might divert attention from the substantive findings on user participation in social housing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe identification of these three interconnected themes is significant because they highlight the conditions under which user participation in social housing can move beyond symbolic involvement to become a driver of systemic change. First, relational foundations for inclusive systems emphasize the importance of trust, recognition, and reciprocity in building participatory practices that genuinely include marginalized groups. Second, shifting power and professional roles highlights how participation challenges traditional hierarchies, requiring professionals to reconfigure their roles and share authority with users. Finally, co-production and lived experience as drivers of systemic change demonstrate how embedding experiential knowledge in service design and decision-making can foster innovation and social inclusion at a system level. Together, these themes underscore why user participation should not be regarded as an isolated practice, but rather as a transformative approach with the potential to strengthen housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings from this scoping review confirm that there is a broad consensus in the literature that user participation is both necessary and desirable in social housing work, as shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e; Findings. However, the review also reveals a clear gap in knowledge, how it is enacted in practice\u0026mdash;particularly at the system level\u0026mdash;or how it impacts concrete outcomes such as housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFindings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTitle, Author(s), Journal, Year, Reference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry of origin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMethod\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContext and sample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMain research aim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----------------\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtracted data by outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAndersson, (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). What makes supportive relationships supportive? The social climate in supported housing for people with psychiatric disabilities. \u003cem\u003eSocial Work in Mental Health\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSweden\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA qualitative methodology through interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData were collected through participant observation and open-ended interviews with 17 men and women living in a suburban area in Stockholm, Sweden, having supported housing.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo examine the relationship between a support worker and a person with psychiatric disabilities can vary depending on trust, communication, and power balance. Supportive relationships are built on respect, empathy, and safety, while non-supportive ones may lack trust or focus too much on control. These relationships can range from task-oriented to more person-centred, shaping how support is given and received.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe article highlights that professional support is most effective when it builds a supportive social climate\u0026mdash;grounded in personal interest, care, and respect. Empowering users through genuine relationships and agency promotes both occupational engagement and overall well-being.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFriesinger et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). A critical perspective on texts about housing for people with mental health and/or substance-use problems: The idea about the most suitable housing. \u003cem\u003eNordic Social Work Research\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCritical discourse analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwelve texts. Ten research reports, one municipal guide and one municipal strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo examine how dominant texts in policy, research, and professional literature construct ideas about \u0026ldquo;suitable housing\u0026rdquo; for people with mental health and/or substance use challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe analysis shows that common ideas about independence and individualization often ignore different needs, make real user participation difficult, and hide structural barriers. This highlights the need for more inclusive, participatory, and context-aware housing solutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnutag\u0026aring;rd et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Co-producing change in social housing programmes. \u003cem\u003eContagiopress\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSweden\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA participatory, action-oriented research design and \u0026ldquo;future\u0026rdquo; workshop\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe research was conducted across different social housing settings, including shelters, transitional housing, category housing, and Housing First apartments. Participants included service users, social workers, and other stakeholders, with a specific focus on those often overlooked in formal participation processes\u0026mdash;referred to as the \u0026quot;missing heroes.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study aimed to move beyond symbolic participation by embedding co-production into social housing systems, with the goal of empowering users, building trust, and initiating deeper organizational change.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe key findings show that recognizing and supporting \u0026ldquo;missing heroes\u0026rdquo; \u0026mdash; often overlooked individuals \u0026mdash; can lead to real, lasting change. When given the right support, they help drive user-led improvements. The study also found that when organizations are unprepared or not open, it can damage trust and make participation harder. On the other hand, clear and inclusive processes help build trust, empower people, and lead to better and more lasting results.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLindvig et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). It\u0026rsquo;s not just a lot of words: A qualitative exploration of residents\u0026rsquo; descriptions of helpful relationships in supportive housing. \u003cem\u003eEuropean Journal of Social Work\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe research involved a collaborative development of recovery-oriented principles, engaging residents, staff, and researchers in the process.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMethodologically, the study compared two groups: a project site with seven residents and reference sites with twenty-one residents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to integrate service-user involvement in social housing through structured co-production, moving beyond traditional top-down models.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study found that excessive organizational inertia or a lack of readiness can result in broken trust and unmet expectations. Trust-building and transparent communication emerged as essential foundations for lasting change.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLindvig et al., (2020). I will never forget him. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study is based on in-depth qualitative interviews with nine staff members, each of whom described a relationship with a resident who had considered them helpful.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThematic analysis was used to identify key patterns and meanings in the data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study explores how residents in supportive housing with severe mental health and/or drug problems experience helpful professional relationships. It aims to support service development by asking: (1) How do residents describe helpful relationships? (2) What help from staff do they find useful? (3) How does this help affect their lives?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehelpful relationships are shaped by mutual engagement: residents inspire connection and action, while staff members find personal meaning and fulfillment through these interactions. The relationships are characterized by emotional depth and reciprocity, forming a foundation for both recovery-oriented practice and meaningful user participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMatscheck et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Beyond formalized plans: User involvement in support in daily living \u0026ndash; Users\u0026rsquo; and support workers\u0026rsquo; experiences. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Social Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSweden\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe methodology involved qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 18 users and 16 support workers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe research was situated within Support in Daily Living (SIDL) services for individuals with long-term severe mental illness living independently. Despite legal requirements for user participation in Sweden, the study examined how such involvement actually unfolds in daily interactions between users and staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study aimed to explore how user involvement is experienced and enacted at the individual, micro-level in supported housing contexts, particularly through everyday, relational forms of support rather than through formalized plans.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKey findings show that meaningful user involvement grows through everyday interactions, like walking or cleaning together, built on dialogue, flexibility, and respect. Users and workers saw formal plans as too rigid, valuing adaptive, relational support instead. These small moments fostered trust, autonomy, and recovery, showing that participation works best through daily partnership, not top-down procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMidjo et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The complexity of work expectations of staff in supported housing. \u003cem\u003eSocial Work in Mental Health\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis article presents data from focus group interviews with a sample of health and social workers who make up the professional staff in the eight supported housings.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted within supported housing settings for individuals with long-term mental health conditions. Participants were frontline staff who regularly balance administrative tasks with relational care responsibilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe aim was to examine how staff navigate conflicting expectations in their roles, and how organizational structures affect their ability to deliver recovery-oriented, participatory support.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStaff struggled to balance institutional rules, professional norms, and residents\u0026rsquo; needs. Administrative tasks limited time for meaningful interaction. Managing safety and autonomy created ethical tensions, while emotional labour was demanding. Limited staff and rigid policies also hindered person-centered, participatory work.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNesse et al.,(2022). Promoting recovery and citizenship in collaboration with residents in supported housing: A prospective comparative study. \u003cem\u003eNordic Social Work Research\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study used a comparative, mixed-methods design combining quantitative questionnaires and qualitative data from collaborative meetings. It followed residents in supported housing over time to assess the effects of a recovery-oriented and citizenship-promoting intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in two Norwegian municipalities. The intervention group consisted of residents in supported housing who participated in structured collaborative meetings with staff over one year. The comparison group included residents receiving standard services without this structured collaboration. Participants had experiences with mental health and/or substance use challenges\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe aim was to explore whether a collaborative, recovery-oriented approach could promote personal recovery and citizenship among residents in supported housing, compared to standard services.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidents in the intervention group showed greater improvement in empowerment and personal recovery.Structured collaboration increased residents\u0026rsquo; sense of inclusion, influence, and respect.Trusting, emotionally present staff relationships were key to recovery and inclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaanaas et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Service providers\u0026rsquo; perspectives on their role in supporting residents in supported housing. \u003cem\u003eNordic Social Work Research\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews conducted with eight service providers across six supported housing sites in Norway. Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to explore providers\u0026rsquo; perspectives on their roles.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe research was situated in supported housing services for individuals with mental health and substance use challenges. Participants included experienced frontline staff working in varied organizational settings, highlighting diverse service contexts and support models\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study aimed to explore how service providers understand and experience their roles in supporting residents in supported housing, with particular attention to relational, structural, and ethical dimensions of practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupportive relationships relied on trust, presence, and dialogue. Staff balanced risk with respect for independence, aiming to create a warm, stable, and dignified environment. Involvement in daily life and community was key to recovery, with support tailored to each resident and responsibilities handled individually.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSj\u0026aring;fjell, T., \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, K. T. (2023). The only thing that is certain is that everything is uncertain: An exploration of recovery-oriented work in a residential facility for people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. \u003cem\u003eNordic Journal of Wellbeing and Sustainable Welfare Development\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study is a qualitative exploration of how staff and residents in a residential community (botilbud) describe their environment and everyday practices.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe project took place in an apartment building where residents had regular leases and received follow-up from various services. Staff focused on community and home-based activities. Together with researchers and former residents, they developed and tested a model called recovery-oriented rehabilitation (ROR), built around five areas guiding housing and recovery work.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study explores the development and use of a recovery-oriented model in a housing setting. It asks:How do staff and former residents describe recovery-oriented practice in shared housing for people with substance use and mental health challenges?How do staff describe working with a recovery-oriented model?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study found that supported housing for people with mental health and substance use issues requires flexible, adaptive support. Recovery worked best through daily routines, trust-based relationships, and meaningful activities. Staff acted as facilitators, promoting user agency and shared decision-making. A stable, home-like setting and social connection were key to recovery and inclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAaslund. (2020). Self-organization and voluntary organizations\u0026rsquo; role in the fight against homelessness \u0026ndash; A participatory action research project. \u003cem\u003eTidsskrift for boligforskning\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study uses participatory action research (PAR), emphasizing co-creation of knowledge and active involvement of participants with lived experience. The research process was collaborative, involving both researchers and participants in planning, implementation, reflection, and dissemination.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe project was conducted in Norway and involved collaboration between researchers, people with lived experience of homelessness, and staff from voluntary organizations. The participants co-developed initiatives to challenge existing structures and advocate for change in housing policies and services.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe article explores how self-organization among people with lived experience of homelessness, together with voluntary organizations, can contribute to systemic change and improved responses to homelessness. It investigates how participatory processes can empower marginalized groups and influence housing policy and services.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticipants stressed self-organization to build identity and fight stigma. Voluntary groups provided support, but power imbalances caused tensions. Valuing lived experience shifted power and understanding of homelessness, promoting political engagement and enabling participants to drive change.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA key finding in all eleven articles in this scoping review is that strong relationships between users and professionals\u0026mdash;built on trust, emotional presence, and everyday interactions\u0026mdash;are crucial for meaningful participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelational Foundations for Inclusive Systems\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopment in social housing services can depend on the quality of relationships between users and professionals. Trust, emotional presence, and everyday relational work form the foundation for meaningful participation. (Karlsson \u0026amp; Borg, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). These interactions \u0026mdash; often informal and occurring outside formal planning structures \u0026mdash; are essential for fostering dignity, autonomy, and engagement. When systems recognize and resource this relational work, they lay the groundwork for inclusive practices that move beyond procedural participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrust emerges as a fundamental precondition for engagement in supported housing, enabling residents to participate meaningfully in their own care (Andersson, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig et al., 2020). Everyday participation is fostered through informal practices that allow residents to contribute to routines and decisions in ways that fit their daily lives, highlighting the importance of flexible, co-produced support structures (Matscheck et al., Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Complementing this, recovery-oriented and person-centered approaches emphasize respect for user-defined goals, ensuring that support aligns with individual aspirations and promotes autonomy within a framework of professional guidance (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e;Raanaas et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalyses of social housing services demonstrate that the possibility of inclusive systems is contingent on relational quality between service users and professionals. While policies often emphasize structural reforms and procedural participation, the research suggests that trust, everyday practices, and person-centered approaches are the actual mechanisms through which inclusion is realized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, studies highlight trust as a prerequisite for engagement. Andersson (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) and Lindvig et al., (2020) show that supportive relationships, grounded in reliability and recognition, enable users to participate meaningfully. Without trust, formal invitations to participate risk remaining superficial, reinforcing procedural rather than substantive involvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, research on everyday participation through informal practices (Matscheck et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) .demonstrates that much of what enables dignity and autonomy occurs outside formalized plans. These findings challenge system-level approaches that over-rely on standardized procedures, suggesting that participation must be understood as a lived, ongoing practice embedded in daily relational interactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, the emphasis on recovery-oriented and person-centered approaches (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). underscores that inclusive systems must respect user-defined goals rather than impose predefined service trajectories. This orientation requires organizations to balance professional and institutional expectations with the subjective needs of users, illustrating the tension between system demands and relational responsiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTaken together, these studies indicate that relational foundations are central to system inclusivity. When systems fail to acknowledge or resource the relational dimension of social housing work, participation risks being reduced to symbolic compliance (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Conversely, when relational practices are recognized as essential infrastructure\u0026mdash;on par with funding or housing supply\u0026mdash;systems are better positioned to deliver services that promote genuine inclusion, recovery, and citizenship (Ranaas et al.,2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShifting Power and Professional Roles\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSystem-level innovation requires rethinking power dynamics and professional roles. Structural barriers, rigid policies, and professional norms can limit user agency, resulting in symbolic rather than substantive participation from a gatekeeping to a facilitative role involves acknowledging the ethical tensions frontline workers face and supporting them in navigating complexity, emotional labour, and conflicting demands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe literature also highlights how structural barriers and unequal power relations can limit meaningful participation, reflecting the ways broader social and policy contexts shape residents\u0026rsquo; opportunities to influence their support (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e;Friesinger et al.,2021). Professional tensions and organizational constraints further complicate practice, as staff navigate competing expectations, rigid protocols, and accountability demands that can inadvertently restrict resident agency (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). These challenges underscore the need for flexible systems that can accommodate individual preferences and support co-produced routines, allowing residents to engage actively in shaping both their daily lives and the services they receive (Lindvig et al,.2019; Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al.,2021; Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSystem-level innovation in social housing requires a fundamental reconfiguration of power dynamics and professional roles. Although user participation is often framed as a core policy goal, research reveals how structural barriers, rigid policies, and entrenched professional norms can limit agency, producing participation that is symbolic rather than substantive (Midjo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Moving from a gatekeeping to a facilitative role requires both acknowledging the ethical tensions faced by frontline workers and designing systems that support professionals in navigating complexity, emotional labour, and conflicting demands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, studies expose how structural barriers and unequal power relations shape housing services. Friesinger et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) show how discourses about the \u0026ldquo;most suitable housing\u0026rdquo; embed normative assumptions that restrict user autonomy, while Aaslund (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) highlights the role of voluntary organizations in challenging state-defined boundaries and creating alternative spaces for participation. Both studies illustrate how user agency is curtailed when system-level frameworks privilege professional or institutional logics over lived experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, research underscores the tensions professionals face within organizational constraints. Midjo et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) and Raanaas et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrate how staff are caught between system-imposed expectations and the realities of supporting user-defined recovery goals. These tensions generate ethical dilemmas, where workers must balance professional responsibility, organizational efficiency, and relational care. Without structural recognition of this complexity, professionals risk becoming gatekeepers rather than facilitators of participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, several studies point to the need for flexible systems that enable meaningful participation. Lindvig et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) show how helpful relationships emerge when professionals adapt to users\u0026rsquo; lived needs, rather than adhering strictly to formal plans. Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) highlight co-production in social housing programs as a structural innovation that redistributes power, while Nesse et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) provide evidence that collaboration with residents strengthens recovery and citizenship. Collectively, these studies argue for systems that build flexibility into policy and practice, enabling professionals to share power and create conditions where user voices can shape outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTaken together, the findings suggest that shifting power is not only a question of user inclusion but also of professional transformation. To move beyond symbolic participation, systems must dismantle rigid structures that constrain both users and professionals. Supporting staff in their emotional and ethical labour, and creating organizational conditions for facilitation rather than control, is central to building inclusive housing services that are both responsive and just.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCo-Production and Lived Experience as Drivers of Systemic Change\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenuine innovation and inclusion occur when people with lived experience are recognized as experts and co-creators of services. Co-production and participatory research approaches challenge dominant narratives and foster new forms of knowledge and practice. Stable, home-like environments provide the foundation from which individuals can engage, advocate, and shape services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCo-production is highlighted as a key method for fostering inclusion and driving innovation in social housing services, enabling residents and staff to collaboratively shape practices and routines (Lindvig et al,.2019; Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Lived experience is recognized as an important form of expertise that can inform both policy and service development, ensuring that initiatives respond to actual needs and priorities rather than assumptions (Aaslund, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, stable housing is identified as a foundational condition for participation and empowerment, providing residents with the security and continuity necessary to engage meaningfully in both daily life and broader decision-making processes (Lindvig et al., 2020; Nesse et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenuine innovation and inclusion in social housing services occur when people with lived experience are recognized not only as service recipients but as experts and co-creators of knowledge and practice. Co-production and participatory approaches challenge dominant narratives about need, dependency, and professional authority, fostering systemic change that is grounded in lived realities. Importantly, stable and supportive housing environments provide the necessary foundation from which individuals can engage, advocate, and shape the systems that affect their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, research highlights co-production as a method for inclusion and innovation. Knutag\u0026aring;rd et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrate how co-production in social housing programmes disrupts traditional hierarchies, redistributing power between professionals and service users. Similarly, Lindvig et al., (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) show how supportive relationships that allow space for user agency become building blocks for participatory practices. These studies illustrate how co-production can generate not only more inclusive services but also new ways of understanding and addressing complex social needs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, the recognition of lived experience as expertise emerges as a central mechanism for systemic change. Aaslund (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) shows how voluntary and user-led organizations can act as counterbalances to state services by mobilizing experiential knowledge in the fight against homelessness. This work challenges the dominance of professional perspectives in policy and service design, arguing that sustainable change requires the epistemic authority of those directly affected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, the importance of stable housing as a condition for participation and empowerment is made clear in several studies. Sj\u0026aring;fjell \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) highlight how recovery-oriented work in residential facilities depends on stability and predictability to allow residents to engage in shaping their environment. Lindvig et al., (2020) further show that trusting, emotionally significant relationships create the safety necessary for participation. Nesse et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) confirm that secure, home-like settings enable residents to collaborate with staff in ways that enhance recovery and citizenship. Together, these findings emphasize that participation is not possible without the material and emotional security that stable housing provides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings suggest that systemic change in social housing services is driven by co-production and the valorization of lived experience. When service users are positioned as equal partners and stable housing conditions are ensured, systems move beyond symbolic gestures of inclusion toward genuine transformation. This requires not only methodological shifts in how services are designed and delivered but also a cultural and political reorientation that acknowledges lived experience as indispensable expertise.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this scoping review was to investigate how user participation is demonstrated in social housing services in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The findings reveal a consistent paradox: while participation is widely endorsed in policy discourse, its realization in practice remains uneven, relationally fragile, and constrained by organizational and structural barriers. Research demonstrates how system-defined models of “suitable housing” can overshadow user choice and reduce participation to a symbolic level (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), whereas supportive relationships and trust are emphasized as key enablers of engagement (Andersson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig, 2020). Co-production is highlighted as both a method for innovation and a fragile practice that can be undermined by rigid organizational frameworks (Lindvig et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e)., and studies underscore the importance of recovery- and citizenship-oriented approaches that anchor support in user-defined goals and community life (Nesse et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sjåfjell \u0026amp; Sælør, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). At the same time, formalized plans and professional expectations can limit flexibility, rendering participation procedural rather than substantive (Midjo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e ). Service providers also report how structural conditions, such as budget constraints and mandates, restrict residents’ influence (Raanaas et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e), while research on voluntary organizations suggests that self-organization often emerges as an alternative where public systems remain rigid (Aaslund, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlaced in the context of welfare state transformations over the past decade, these findings acquire sharper significance. Social housing services are increasingly shaped by hierarchical steering, tighter municipal budgets, and needs-tested eligibility criteria (Viken, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). These reforms mark a departure from the historic Nordic model in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, which combined universal rights, locally anchored services, and broad participation (Viken, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). As a result, user participation risks being reduced to symbolic exercise rather than serving as a genuine mechanism for empowerment, democratic engagement, or systemic change. This tendency is echoed in research documenting how structural barriers and policy logics constrain residents’ opportunities for influence (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), how professional tensions and organizational expectations limit flexibility in everyday practice (Midjo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e), and how voluntary and user-led initiatives emerge as alternatives to rigid public systems (Aaslund, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Collectively, these studies illustrate how welfare reforms and managerial steering can undermine the relational and democratic ambitions of user participation, reinforcing the risk that it remains symbolic rather than transformative.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe review highlights three key consequences of these welfare state changes. First, relational foundations—trust, emotional presence, and everyday interactions—remain crucial for meaningful participation (Andersson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e, 2020; Nesse et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Yet such practices are often informal and undervalued in welfare systems increasingly oriented toward efficiency, standardization, and top-down control (Midjo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Friesinger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e;). Second, power and professional roles are tightly constrained by rigid policies and organizational norms, positioning professionals as gatekeepers rather than facilitators of participation (Matscheck et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas eg al., 2025). Third, co-production and recognition of lived experience emerge as essential drivers of systemic change (Aaslund, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Stable housing and the valorization of user expertise are prerequisites for genuine inclusion, but these mechanisms can be undermined by reforms prioritizing cost-containment and administrative control (Sjåfjell \u0026amp; Sælør, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritically, these dynamics reveal a paradox: while participation is promoted as a core value, welfare state reforms erode the structural and relational conditions necessary to realize it. Without deliberate efforts to resource relational work, redistribute power, and embedding co-production into system design, participation risks remaining rhetorical rather than transformative. The findings thus illuminate both the micro-level mechanisms of participation and the broader effects of welfare state transformations—reforms framed as efficiency-driven that may inadvertently undermine the democratic and inclusive principles historically associated with the Nordic model (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Raanaas et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipation begins in everyday interactions between service users and professionals. Trust, continuity, and recognition of user-defined goals form the relational infrastructure on which inclusion depends (Karlsson \u0026amp; Borg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Yet such relational work is consistently undervalued, displaced by managerial priorities emphasizing efficiency, surveillance, and standardized procedures (Nesse et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sjåfjell \u0026amp; Sælør, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). By deprioritizing relational practices, services reproduce stigma, positioning users as cases to be managed rather than citizens with rights. Without confronting this systemic neglect, participation risks remaining symbolic, reinforcing rather than disrupting exclusion (Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis problem is further compounded when participation is formalized into processes that legitimize existing systems without redistributing power. Service users may be invited to advisory boards or consultations, but their influence is often contained (Friesinger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Participation thus becomes less a pathway to empowerment than a technology of control—symbolically including while substantively excluding. Professionals face a dilemma: expected to empower users while enforcing rules that restrict participation (Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). These double binds generate mistrust and stigma, leaving staff exhausted and users disillusioned (Hansen, 2013; O’Shaughnessy \u0026amp; Greenwood, 2021). Unless institutional cultures and professional identities are reconstructed, user participation will remain trapped in this paradox (Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYet, the review also demonstrates the transformative potential of recognizing lived experience as expertise. Co-production approaches can challenge dominant narratives and foster more flexible, coordinated services (Aaslund, 2021; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Stable housing provides the foundation from which users can advocate for and shape the systems affecting their lives (Karlsson \u0026amp; Borg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). However, inclusion is uneven: voices associated with recovery, stability, or middle-class articulacy are celebrated, while those marked by ongoing substance use, poverty, or psychiatric crisis remain stigmatized and excluded (Knutagård, 2021). This selective recognition creates a hierarchy of participation even within participatory spaces, raising the question of whether participatory knowledge can be institutionalized to genuinely redistribute power—or whether it will be co-opted, widening the appearance of inclusion while leaving deep exclusions intact (Beresford, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Johansen, 2022).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNational evaluations illustrate the consequences of weak participation. The Norwegian Auditor General (Riksrevisjonen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) found that people facing both substance use and mental health challenges are underserved by fragmented and inflexible systems, with persistent housing insecurity undermining recovery. Similarly, the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights (2024) documents discrimination in housing provision for people with substance use problems, reporting stays in stigmatizing hostels described by one informant as “the backyard of death” (p. 39). While some users report supportive encounters with staff, they remain critical of housing allocation systems that perpetuate exclusion. By contrast, (Helsedirektoratet, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) frames participation as both a legal right and professional imperative, insisting that influence must be genuine and embedded across service design, delivery, and evaluation. The gap between these aspirations and frontline realities illustrates systemic neglect of participation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese challenges must be understood in light of historical shifts in Nordic housing regimes. Since the 1980s, public housing has become increasingly residual, reserved for the most disadvantaged, while market mechanisms have shaped allocation and provision (Bengtsson, 2017). This shift has concentrated vulnerability and reinforced stigmatization (Matscheck et al.,2022). Municipalities often have detailed knowledge of residents’ needs, yet this does not automatically translate into sustainable housing solutions or participatory practices (Aaslund, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Matscheck et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Research shows that relational and recovery-oriented work is central to well-being and citizenship, but staff face complex role expectations and organizational constraints that limit implementation (Karlssson, 2016; Midjo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Knutagård et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Sjåfjell \u0026amp; Sælør, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Residents’ experiences indicate that supportive relationships, social climate, and meaningful involvement are central to recovery and citizenship, yet these elements are not always systematically realized (Andersson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Lindvig et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; 2020; Nesse et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). This illustrates why social housing and user participation in the Nordic context can be considered a wicked problem: technical solutions alone are insufficient without attention to relational, participatory, and context-sensitive dimensions of practice.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe conclude that user participation in social housing requires more than well-intentioned policies or structured consultations. True participation demands an ongoing commitment to relational work, where the voices of residents are not only heard but have the power to shape decisions, routines, and service design. It requires acknowledging and addressing structural inequalities, stigma, and professional hierarchies that often undermine inclusion. Moving forward, housing services must embrace flexibility, co-production, and the centrality of lived experience, recognizing that meaningful participation is inherently political and context-dependent. Only by confronting these complexities can participation shift from a symbolic ideal to a tangible instrument of empowerment and social justice.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUser participation in social housing is a deeply political and relational process, where meaningful inclusion requires confronting power, disrupting exclusion, and centering lived experience rather than relying on procedural or symbolic measures.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEthical Approval: The study is approved by SIKT (Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFunding: The study was funded by UiT The Arctic University of Norway.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eConflict of interest: The author declares no competing interests.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAvailability of data and materials: All of the databases, search words and string are presented in the appendix.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAndersson, J. 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Missing Hero: Co‐Producing Change in Social Housing Programmes. \u003cem\u003eSocial Inclusion, 9\u003c/em\u003e(3), 234-244. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i3.4312\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLindvig, G. R., Larsen, I. B., Topor, A. \u0026amp; B\u0026oslash;e, T. D. (2019). \u0026lsquo;It\u0026rsquo;s not just a lot of words\u0026rsquo;. A qualitative exploration of residents\u0026rsquo; descriptions of helpful relationships in supportive housing. European Journal of Social Work, https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2019.1682523\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLindvig, G. R., Topor, A., B\u0026oslash;e, T. D., \u0026amp; Larsen, I. B. (2021). \u0026ldquo;I will never forget him\u0026rdquo;. A qualitative exploration of staff descriptions of helpful relationships in supportive housing. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing\u003c/em\u003e, 28(3), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12673\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLov om pasient- og brukerrettigheter (pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven). (1999). LOV-1999-07-02-63. Lovdata. https://lovdata.no/\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMatscheck, D., Ljungberg, A., \u0026amp; Topor, A. (2022). Beyond formalized plans: User involvement in support in daily living \u0026ndash; Users\u0026rsquo; and support workers\u0026rsquo; experiences. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68\u003c/em\u003e(2), 332\u0026ndash;338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764019894603\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMidjo, T., Redzovic, S. E., \u0026amp; Carstensen, T. (2020). The complexity of work expectations of staff in supported housing. \u003cem\u003eSocial Work in Mental Health, 18\u003c/em\u003e(5), 482\u0026ndash;500. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2020.1785989\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNesse, L., Gonzalez, M. T., Aamodt, G., Borg, M., Sj\u0026aring;fjell, T., \u0026amp; Raanaas, R. K. (2022). Promoting recovery and citizenship in collaboration with residents in supported housing: A prospective comparative study. \u003cem\u003eNordic Social Work Research, 14\u003c/em\u003e(4), 486\u0026ndash;499. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2022.2072379\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNorges institusjon for menneskerettigheter. (2024). \u003cem\u003e\u0026laquo;Du har ikke noe her \u0026aring; gj\u0026oslash;re\u0026raquo;: En unders\u0026oslash;kelse om rusavhengiges opplevelser av diskriminering og stigmatisering\u003c/em\u003e (Rapport). https://www.nhri.no/rapport/rus-og-stigma/\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNouf, F., \u0026amp; Ineland ,J. (2023). Epistemic citizenship under structural siege: A meta-analysis drawing on 544 voices of service user experiences in Nordic mental health services. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Psychiatry, 14,\u003c/em\u003e 1156835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156835\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eO\u0026apos;Shaughnessy BR, Greenwood RM. Autonomy and authority: Homeless service users\u0026apos; empowering experiences in housing first and staircase services. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 2021;31:288\u0026ndash;304. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2511304\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRiksrevisjonen. (2025). \u003cem\u003eHelse- og velferdstjenester til personer med samtidige rusmiddellidelser og psykiske lidelser: Dokument 3:5 (2024\u0026ndash;2025)\u003c/em\u003e. Riksrevisjonen. https://www.riksrevisjonen.no\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRaanaas, R. K., Valv\u0026aring;g, E. K., Muraas, R., \u0026amp; Rimstad, M. H. (2025). Service providers\u0026rsquo; perspectives on their role in supporting residents in supported housing. \u003cem\u003eNordic Social Work Research.\u003c/em\u003e Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2025.2495946\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRegeringen. (2013). \u003cem\u003eF\u0026ouml;rordning (2013:522) om f\u0026ouml;rs\u0026ouml;ksverksamhet med brukarstyrda brukarrevisioner och personligt ombud\u003c/em\u003e https://rkrattsbaser.gov.se/sfsr/2013:522\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eServiceloven [The Social Services Act], LBK nr 1287 af 28/08/2020 (originally adopted 1988). Bekendtg\u0026oslash;relse af lov om social service \u0026ndash; LBK nr. 1287 af 28/08/2020. Retsinformation. Retrieved from https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2020/1287\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSj\u0026aring;fjell, T. L., \u0026amp; S\u0026aelig;l\u0026oslash;r, K. T. (2023). \u0026laquo;Det eneste sikre er at alt er usikkert.\u0026raquo; Utforsking av recovery-orientert arbeid i et botilbud for personer med ROP-lidelser: \u0026lsquo;The only thing that is certain is that everything is uncertain\u0026rsquo;: An exploration of recovery-oriented work in a residential facility for people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. \u003cem\u003eNordic Journal of Wellbeing and Sustainable Welfare Development\u003c/em\u003e, 2(2), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.18261/njwel.2.2.4\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eS\u0026oslash;rvoll, J. \u0026amp; Bengtsson, B. (2016): The Pyrrhic victory of civil society housing? Co-operative housing in Sweden and Norway, International Journal of Housing Policy. https://.doi.org/10.1080/14616718.2016.1162078\u003cbr\u003eUnited Nations. (1948). \u003cem\u003eUniversal Declaration of Human Rights\u003c/em\u003e. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eViken, H. (2022). Velferdsstatens kommunalisme. In H. Viken, B. Karlsson, \u0026amp; R. Sundet (Eds.), Velferdsstatens transformasjoner (pp. 28\u0026ndash;49). Fagbokforlaget. https://doi.org/10.55669/oa200901\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. (2018). WHO housing and health guidelines. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/276001\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. (2019). QualityRights materials for training, guidance and transformation. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515721\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization (2022). \u003cem\u003eTransforming Mental Health for All\u003c/em\u003e (1st ed).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAaslund, H. (2020). Egenorganisering og frivillige organisasjoners rolle i kampen mot bostedsl\u0026oslash;shet \u0026ndash; et deltakende aksjonsforskningsprosjekt (in English: Self-organization and voluntary organizations\u0026rsquo; role in the fight against homelessness \u0026ndash; A participatory action research project). \u003cem\u003eTidsskrift for boligforskning\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2535-5988-2020-01-05\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAaslund, H. (2022). \u0026laquo;Nu \u0026auml;r det v\u0026auml;l revolution p\u0026aring; g\u0026aring;ng?\u0026raquo;\u0026ndash;medvirkning, medborgerskap og menneskerettigheter blant mennesker som mangler bolig. \u003cem\u003eTidsskrift for Psykisk Helsearbeid\u003c/em\u003e, 19(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.18261/tph.19.1.6\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-human-rights-and-social-work","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jhrw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Human Rights and Social Work](http://link.springer.com/journal/41134)","snPcode":"41134","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41134/3","title":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Social housing work, user participation, co-production, human rights, Nordic welfare states","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7664136/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7664136/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis scoping review maps qualitative research on user participation in social housing work and practices in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. User participation has become a central value in Nordic welfare states, promoted as a means of strengthening empowerment, improving services, and reinforcing democratic ideals. While all Nordic countries share some features, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden represent the core of the Social Democratic welfare regime, providing a more coherent basis for comparative analysis of housing policies and practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrawing on studies published between 2015 and 2025, this review identifies how user participation is conceptualized and enacted across individual, service, and system levels. Eleven included studies highlight that participation extends beyond formal involvement in service plans: it is embedded in everyday relationships, the degree of control residents exercise, and opportunities for co-production. Practices that foster meaningful participation include relational continuity, flexible routines, recovery- and citizenship-oriented perspectives, and open collaboration with user organizations. Yet participation is constrained by organizational mandates, professional discourses on \u0026ldquo;suitable housing,\u0026rdquo; and structural pressures. Persistent dilemmas\u0026mdash;care versus control, plans versus lived realities, and provision versus participation\u0026mdash;shape frontline practice.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross contexts, people with mental health and/or substance use challenges remain stigmatized and marginalized, often excluded from genuine influence over housing and services. The findings underscore the need for approaches that translate universalist welfare principles and human rights commitments into concrete practices supporting housing stability, quality of life, and social inclusion.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"User Participation in Social Housing Work and Practices: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-29 11:13:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7664136/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-10T18:48:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T07:32:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"314417542545820288176817615519332067949","date":"2026-03-16T07:12:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-09T20:00:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"33196450797823593197377406236082472639","date":"2025-10-10T05:08:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T15:22:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T01:18:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T01:18:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","date":"2025-09-20T09:46:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-human-rights-and-social-work","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jhrw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Human Rights and Social Work](http://link.springer.com/journal/41134)","snPcode":"41134","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41134/3","title":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"86ac78fc-0fd4-47bf-8772-461e601512b7","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-23T13:24:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-29 11:13:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7664136","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7664136","identity":"rs-7664136","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}