Tailoring bistability of mechanically prestressed sandwich laminate with various planforms

Tailoring bistability of mechanically prestressed sandwich laminate with various planforms | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Tailoring bistability of mechanically prestressed sandwich laminate with various planforms Suraj Singh, Saurav Suman, Amar Nath Roy Chowdhury This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Bistable structures have two non-adjacent equilibrium configurations with minimum total potential energies. Unsymmetrical cross-ply laminate can show bistability if its initial curvature is within a specified range or an inelastic curvature is induced through various actions such as thermal curing, mechanical prestressing, etc. This paper adopts an alternative method to achieve bistability in three-layered sandwich laminates using a mechanically prestressed core. By adjusting the applied prestrain, this sandwich structure can be designed to exhibit bistable or monostable characteristics. A semi-analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method is developed for bistable laminates with different planform geometries. In the semi-analytical framework, the kinematic variables are approximated using Lagrange polynomials. The accuracy of the semi-analytical model was ascertained by comparing the semi-analytical solutions with those obtained from finite element analyses. In addition, a simplified analytical model is proposed to verify the deformed shape of a square prestressed laminate. Using the semi-analytical model, the post-critical and negative stiffness behavior of bistable sandwich laminates, with various planform geometries, have been studied. Numerical investigations carried out in this work have revealed that the postcritical behavior and negative stiffness characteristics of sandwich prestressed laminates can be tailored by carefully controlling several factors. These factors include the prestrain ratio applied to the core, elastic moduli of the core, the slenderness of the face sheets, and the planform shape of the laminate. Furthermore, the studies show the feasibility to control the bistable response of the laminate by manipulating the prestrain ratio within the core. By adjusting the prestrain ratio, the structural response of the laminate can be tuned, allowing it to exhibit stable configurations under specific conditions. This capability of controlling and inducing bistable or pseudo-bistable states opens up new possibilities for designing advanced materials and structures with tailored mechanical properties and enhanced functionality. Applied Mathematics Materials Engineering Bistability Limit point instability Composite laminate Semi-analytical model Finite element analysis Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6429653","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441774665,"identity":"759d1060-38c0-4f58-ad48-43935df3a897","order_by":0,"name":"Suraj Singh","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1844-3742","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suraj","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":441774666,"identity":"56b47127-5c58-48a0-936b-7572c434d6cf","order_by":1,"name":"Saurav Suman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saurav","middleName":"","lastName":"Suman","suffix":""},{"id":441774667,"identity":"00fa912d-381d-4edb-8e19-e269a656154b","order_by":2,"name":"Amar Nath Roy Chowdhury","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACGx42BjYwi4dYLWk8bGwkajnMwADVQhjwTzv87HNFzXkZPvm2BIYfNQwy5oS0SNxOM5555thtkMMOMPYcY+CxbCCk53aCMWNjA0gLewMDbwMDj8EBAjrkb6d/Bmo5B9bC+JcYLQa3c0C2HAA7jJkoWwxv5xQzNhxLBmpJSzgsc0yCsBa52+mbGRtq7Ozlm48ZPnxTY2NPUAsKACqWIEX9KBgFo2AUjAJcAACNMjSm6zEpxgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-5626","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amar","middleName":"Nath Roy","lastName":"Chowdhury","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-11 15:34:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80501921,"identity":"982012b7-5416-47cf-aa34-d5065a788131","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 03:43:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":865434,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ActaMechanica9thMarch.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6429653/v1_covered_3c09457c-0c08-4331-b89a-a5dff725fc28.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eTailoring bistability of mechanically prestressed sandwich laminate with various planforms\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"15a4585d-96df-48b5-bd23-b2d62e703e41","identifier":"10.13039/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","awardNumber":"SRG/2021/001998","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bistability, Limit point instability, Composite laminate, Semi-analytical model, Finite element analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBistable structures have two non-adjacent equilibrium configurations with minimum total potential energies. Unsymmetrical cross-ply laminate can show bistability if its initial curvature is within a specified range or an inelastic curvature is induced through various actions such as thermal curing, mechanical prestressing, etc. This paper adopts an alternative method to achieve bistability in three-layered sandwich laminates using a mechanically prestressed core. By adjusting the applied prestrain, this sandwich structure can be designed to exhibit bistable or monostable characteristics. A semi-analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method is developed for bistable laminates with different planform geometries. In the semi-analytical framework, the kinematic variables are approximated using Lagrange polynomials. The accuracy of the semi-analytical model was ascertained by comparing the semi-analytical solutions with those obtained from finite element analyses. In addition, a simplified analytical model is proposed to verify the deformed shape of a square prestressed laminate. 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This capability of controlling and inducing bistable or pseudo-bistable states opens up new possibilities for designing advanced materials and structures with tailored mechanical properties and enhanced functionality.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Tailoring bistability of mechanically prestressed sandwich laminate with various planforms","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-14 03:35:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6429653/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6acdb39b-6765-4c90-8e40-dd36979e7cbd","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":47042832,"name":"Applied Mathematics"},{"id":47042833,"name":"Materials Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-14T03:35:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-14 03:35:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6429653","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6429653","identity":"rs-6429653","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}