Antarctic ice microstructure and experimental study of Brazilian splitting

Antarctic ice microstructure and experimental study of Brazilian splitting | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Antarctic ice microstructure and experimental study of Brazilian splitting Yaolong Luo, Jianguo Lv, Haoran Xu, Xiamin Jia, Pengfei Xie, Mingsheng Wei This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Tensile strength is one of the fundamental mechanical parameters of Antarctic ice. Due to the challenges associated with direct tensile testing, this study employs the Brazilian disc splitting test to indirectly measure the tensile strength of Antarctic ice. Initially, ice cores drilled from the ice cap near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica were processed into Brazilian split disc specimens using a lathe. The microstructure and chemical composition of the ice specimens, including concentrations of \(\:{\text{C}\text{l}}^{-},{\text{N}\text{O}}_{3}^{-}\) ,and \(\:{\text{S}\text{O}}_{4}^{2-}\) ,were analyzed.Simultaneously, a high-pressure low-temperature triaxial instrument was utilized for loading to obtain stress-strain relationship curves under different loading rates, thereby exploring the effects of loading rate on tensile strength and elastic modulus.Using near-field dynamics and deformation field analysis, the Brazilian splitting damage process was simulated to elucidate the tensile damage behavior of the ice samples. The results indicate that the Antarctic ice structure is granular and isotropic, with mechanical properties independent of crystal orientation. Consequently, loading in vertical and horizontal directions does not affect the tensile strength of Antarctic ice. Among the four primary ions,chloride ( \(\:{\text{C}\text{l}}^{-})\) has the highest concentration, reflecting ocean-atmosphere interactions; sulfate ( \(\:{\text{S}\text{O}}_{4}^{2-}\) ) is the second most abundant, originating from ocean spray and human activities; and nitrate ( \(\:{\text{N}\text{O}}_{3}^{-}\) )primarily derives from atmospheric nitrogen oxides.Both the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the ice samples increase with loading rate.At a loading rate of 0.12mm/min,the minimum tensile strength is 0.32MPa,whereas at a loading rate of 3.72mm/min,the maximum tensile strength is 0.453MPa.Similarly,at a loading rate of 0.12mm/min,the minimum elastic modulus is 0.183GPa, and at a loading rate of 1.98mm/min,the maximum elastic modulus is 0.479GPa.Simulation of the damage process morphology and transverse displacement field distribution reveals the tensile damage behavior of Antarctic ice: under high loading rates (1.98 ~ 3.72mm/min) the ice specimens rapidly exhibit significant cracking;under low loading rates (0.11 ~ 0.35mm/min) the damage process predominantly involves three stages: crack initiation, crack propagation, and specimen failure. Earth and environmental sciences/Biogeochemistry Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Physical sciences/Engineering antarctic ice microstructure tensile strength brazilian splitting damage law Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4694420","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":335082128,"identity":"fe45711f-0b78-44f6-8f85-68271ee123e0","order_by":0,"name":"Yaolong Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaolong","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":335082129,"identity":"0878ca78-f076-4d0f-ad4e-7e08dc2078fb","order_by":1,"name":"Jianguo Lv","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAs0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPoYDjA+AdAIQGxCnhY3hALMBqVoY2CRI1MJ4/FrFz7baPAb25m0SDDV3iLHlTNnN3rbjxQw8x8okGI49I0pL2m3GtmOJDRI5ZhKMDYeJ01IM1iL/hmgtx48xM7bVAG3hId4WZsmecweK2XjSii0SjhGhhV/i+MMPP8rq8vjZD2+88aGGCC0MEmdA0XEYFEGQ2CHCmvYHQLKOKLWjYBSMglEwQgEAcG85jE2t4bEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianguo","middleName":"","lastName":"Lv","suffix":""},{"id":335082130,"identity":"cbafca19-34f0-4429-8192-236e2b14aa6d","order_by":2,"name":"Haoran Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haoran","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":335082131,"identity":"ea6a83b9-6e5c-4247-89ab-c4af559b8d76","order_by":3,"name":"Xiamin Jia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiamin","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia","suffix":""},{"id":335082132,"identity":"3c64b450-adf7-4e9e-8b90-10ea9f3a9fe0","order_by":4,"name":"Pengfei Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pengfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":335082133,"identity":"162afc53-57c0-4380-b5b5-9eb9d24fdc82","order_by":5,"name":"Mingsheng Wei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mingsheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-06 00:08:47","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62837390,"identity":"47f2d219-025a-4bf3-b2dd-419464e13a84","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-20 05:36:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1672862,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AntarcticicemicrostructureandexperimentalstudyofBraziliansplitting.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4694420/v1_covered_c476b05a-c075-4b6e-91fc-1b08eadc7ac0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Antarctic ice microstructure and experimental study of Brazilian splitting","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"antarctic ice, microstructure, tensile strength, brazilian splitting, damage law","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTensile strength is one of the fundamental mechanical parameters of Antarctic ice. Due to the challenges associated with direct tensile testing, this study employs the Brazilian disc splitting test to indirectly measure the tensile strength of Antarctic ice. Initially, ice cores drilled from the ice cap near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica were processed into Brazilian split disc specimens using a lathe. The microstructure and chemical composition of the ice specimens, including concentrations of\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{C}\\text{l}}^{-},{\\text{N}\\text{O}}_{3}^{-}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,and\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{S}\\text{O}}_{4}^{2-}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,were analyzed.Simultaneously, a high-pressure low-temperature triaxial instrument was utilized for loading to obtain stress-strain relationship curves under different loading rates, thereby exploring the effects of loading rate on tensile strength and elastic modulus.Using near-field dynamics and deformation field analysis, the Brazilian splitting damage process was simulated to elucidate the tensile damage behavior of the ice samples. The results indicate that the Antarctic ice structure is granular and isotropic, with mechanical properties independent of crystal orientation. Consequently, loading in vertical and horizontal directions does not affect the tensile strength of Antarctic ice. Among the four primary ions,chloride (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{C}\\text{l}}^{-})\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003ehas the highest concentration, reflecting ocean-atmosphere interactions; sulfate (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{S}\\text{O}}_{4}^{2-}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) is the second most abundant, originating from ocean spray and human activities; and nitrate (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{N}\\text{O}}_{3}^{-}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)primarily derives from atmospheric nitrogen oxides.Both the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the ice samples increase with loading rate.At a loading rate of 0.12mm/min,the minimum tensile strength is 0.32MPa,whereas at a loading rate of 3.72mm/min,the maximum tensile strength is 0.453MPa.Similarly,at a loading rate of 0.12mm/min,the minimum elastic modulus is 0.183GPa, and at a loading rate of 1.98mm/min,the maximum elastic modulus is 0.479GPa.Simulation of the damage process morphology and transverse displacement field distribution reveals the tensile damage behavior of Antarctic ice: under high loading rates (1.98\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;3.72mm/min) the ice specimens rapidly exhibit significant cracking;under low loading rates (0.11\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.35mm/min) the damage process predominantly involves three stages: crack initiation, crack propagation, and specimen failure.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Antarctic ice microstructure and experimental study of Brazilian splitting","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-05 09:28:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4694420/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"004d340c-ea9a-45b2-9dd0-8025d880c0a2","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 5th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":35486908,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Biogeochemistry"},{"id":35486909,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"},{"id":35486910,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-20T05:36:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-05 09:28:33","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4694420","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4694420","identity":"rs-4694420","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}