"What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and Validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in Partnership with Autistic People

"What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and Validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in Partnership with Autistic People | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article "What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and Validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in Partnership with Autistic People Friederike Charlotte Hechler, Outi Tuomainen, Nathan Weber, Frank Fahr, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4667044/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Molecular Autism → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : In this study, we revised and validated the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) – a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory's accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience. Methods : Together with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. Based on the revisions, we formulated a series of guidelines for developing personality-style self-report inventories of subclinical traits concerning neurodevelopmental and psychiatric divergences. The CATI-R was then validated across a large sample (n = 1439), comprising autistic (n = 375) and non-autistic participants (n = 1046), following the protocol for the original CATI. Results : We conceptually replicated the original CATI validation. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure. Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales. Moreover, comparing the CATI-R with two contemporary inventories of autistic traits, we found evidence for the CATI-R's convergent validity and its ability to classify individuals as autistic or not. A measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders. However, in line with current research on gender differences in autism, a repeated measures ANOVA showed subscale-specific gender differences. Accordingly, we identified different thresholds for classifying female, male, and non-binary people. Finally, a logistic regression analysis suggested that the CATI-R predicts autism particularly well in female and non-binary people. Limitations : Our study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including, a larger number of non-binary participants. Conclusions: This project holds significance for both research and clinical practice as it provides a trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience and insights for creating inventories that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising. autism spectrum autistic traits neurodiversity psychological testing psychometric validation parti cipatory research gender disparity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Exposuregroupspercountry.tex ValidationanalysesbasedonEnglishetal.2021.tex AICvaluesforallmodelstestedintheCFAsmallervaluesindicatebettermodelfit.tex RobustfitindicesforthesevenmodelstestedintheCFA.tex Rangeoffactorloadings.tex PearsoncorrelationsbetweenCATIRsubscales.tex Cronbachsalphaacrossquestionnaires.tex McDonaldsomegahierarchicalandstratifiedCronbachsalphaacrossquestionnaires.tex AverageinteritemcorrelationfortheCATIRtheAQandtheBAPQ.tex Meantotalscalescoresresultsperdiagnosisgroupperquestionnaire.tex Modelsummariesoflogisticregressionanalysespredictingautismstatusasafunctionofsubscalec.tex Totalscalescorecutoffforclassifyingindividualsasautistic.tex MultigroupfactorialanalysisassessingmeasurementinvarianceoftheCATIasafunctionofparticipantgender.tex Guidelinesforpersonalitystylemeasuresforsublcinicalneurodivergenttraits.tex Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Molecular Autism → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 31 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 06 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 16 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 07 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 01 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4667044","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":330798883,"identity":"2636ad4f-1a8f-488a-be0d-abce856ebe75","order_by":0,"name":"Friederike Charlotte 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An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory's accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: Together with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. Based on the revisions, we formulated a series of guidelines for developing personality-style self-report inventories of subclinical traits concerning neurodevelopmental and psychiatric divergences. The CATI-R was then validated across a large sample (n = 1439), comprising autistic (n = 375) and non-autistic participants (n = 1046), following the protocol for the original CATI. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp; We conceptually replicated the original CATI validation. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure. Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales. Moreover, comparing the CATI-R with two contemporary inventories of autistic traits, we found evidence for the CATI-R's convergent validity and its ability to classify individuals as autistic or not. A measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders. However, in line with current research on gender differences in autism, a repeated measures ANOVA showed subscale-specific gender differences. Accordingly, we identified different thresholds for classifying female, male, and non-binary people. 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