Utilization of Ecological Performance Indicators in Urban Planning and Process Modeling: A Case Study of Ankara, Türki̇ye

Utilization of Ecological Performance Indicators in Urban Planning and Process Modeling: A Case Study of Ankara, Türki̇ye | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Utilization of Ecological Performance Indicators in Urban Planning and Process Modeling: A Case Study of Ankara, Türki̇ye Nuriye Ebru Yıldız, Şükran Şahin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7622882/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ecological performance is defined as the value derived from assessing the impacts of human activities on urban ecology through specific indicators and their integrated evaluation. This study aims to analyze the combined effects of urban development on ecological indicators in Ankara by developing an environmental performance model. Spatial and quantitative analysis techniques were applied on an indicator basis, and relative integrated impacts were identified. The primary indicators—groundwater recharge, surface runoff potential, flood risk, sediment management, urban heat island effect, carbon storage, and air quality—were analyzed using measurement techniques and integrated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To formulate landscape conservation, development, and management strategies, a two-stage clustering technique was employed. The results indicated that the lowest integrated ecological performance, representing the most fragile landscapes, is observed in the southern Keçiören, southeastern Yenimahalle, Ostim Organized Industrial Zone, northeastern Çankaya, southwestern Mamak, and the ASO 1st Organized Industrial Zone in Sincan. The proposed performance model can be adapted to other cities, though the choice of primary indicators and data resolution depends on ecological and physical conditions as well as study scale. Applied prior to urban development decisions, this model helps integrate ecological and geographical characteristics into planning, thereby supporting the design of high-performance urban strategies rather than reactive measures after problems occur. The key contribution lies in evaluating not only individual indicators but their integrated value, emphasizing the need to examine the city as a system. Landscape indicators ecological indicator ecological performance integrated performance Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor Revision 25 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 20 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7622882","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544360909,"identity":"9bfb27b9-6a9f-439a-9431-2693e7937900","order_by":0,"name":"Nuriye Ebru 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Türki̇ye\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"kn-journal-of-cartography-and-geographic-information","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"knjc","sideBox":"Learn more about [KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information](http://link.springer.com/journal/42489)","snPcode":"42489","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/knjc/default.aspx","title":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Landscape indicators, ecological indicator, ecological performance, integrated performance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7622882/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7622882/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEcological performance is defined as the value derived from assessing the impacts of human activities on urban ecology through specific indicators and their integrated evaluation. This study aims to analyze the combined effects of urban development on ecological indicators in Ankara by developing an environmental performance model. Spatial and quantitative analysis techniques were applied on an indicator basis, and relative integrated impacts were identified. The primary indicators\u0026mdash;groundwater recharge, surface runoff potential, flood risk, sediment management, urban heat island effect, carbon storage, and air quality\u0026mdash;were analyzed using measurement techniques and integrated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To formulate landscape conservation, development, and management strategies, a two-stage clustering technique was employed. The results indicated that the lowest integrated ecological performance, representing the most fragile landscapes, is observed in the southern Ke\u0026ccedil;i\u0026ouml;ren, southeastern Yenimahalle, Ostim Organized Industrial Zone, northeastern \u0026Ccedil;ankaya, southwestern Mamak, and the ASO 1st Organized Industrial Zone in Sincan. The proposed performance model can be adapted to other cities, though the choice of primary indicators and data resolution depends on ecological and physical conditions as well as study scale. Applied prior to urban development decisions, this model helps integrate ecological and geographical characteristics into planning, thereby supporting the design of high-performance urban strategies rather than reactive measures after problems occur. The key contribution lies in evaluating not only individual indicators but their integrated value, emphasizing the need to examine the city as a system.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Utilization of Ecological Performance Indicators in Urban Planning and Process Modeling: A Case Study of Ankara, Türki̇ye","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-24 23:18:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7622882/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor Revision","date":"2025-11-25T15:18:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-11-13T09:27:53+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-13T07:53:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-20T09:29:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","date":"2025-09-15T12:45:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"kn-journal-of-cartography-and-geographic-information","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"knjc","sideBox":"Learn more about [KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information](http://link.springer.com/journal/42489)","snPcode":"42489","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/knjc/default.aspx","title":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6eb29f9b-dac2-4315-ba93-ad0cf59a4f4b","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T17:06:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7622882","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-025-00207-y","journal":{"identity":"kn-journal-of-cartography-and-geographic-information","isVorOnly":false,"title":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-14 16:29:38","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 14th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-24 23:18:11","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s42489-025-00207-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-025-00207-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7622882","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7622882","identity":"rs-7622882","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}