Design and Application of New Rock Bolt for Large Deformation Roadway Support in Underground Coal Mine

Design and Application of New Rock Bolt for Large Deformation Roadway Support in Underground Coal Mine | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Design and Application of New Rock Bolt for Large Deformation Roadway Support in Underground Coal Mine han Liang, Zihan Bai, Yunjing Shi, Zedi Zhang, Chen Cao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Rock bolt profile has significant influence on the load-transfer mechanism within the rock bolting system. In response to the problem of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep underground mining, this study develops a new type of bolt with a rib spacing of 50 mm suitable for large deformation support of surrounding rock based on in-depth investigation into optimizing the geometric configuration of rebar bolts. The design objective is established with a focus on improving the bolting system's residual strength and energy absorption capacity based on precise control of the failure mode of rock bolting. Laboratory test results demonstrate that the new bolt achieved a 23.8% and 28.2% increase in peak pullout force using Aluminum and PVC sleeves, respectively. System energy absorption capacity increased by 75.5% and 104.4%, respectively. Field tests further confirmed the superior performance of the novel bolt in roof and rib support, exhibiting significantly higher peak pullout force and energy absorption capacity compared to conventional bolts. Industrial trial provided additional validation of the new bolt's support effectiveness. It provides a new solution for roadway support in deep underground mining and has important theoretical significance and practical application. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Rock bolt profile large deformation roadway failure analysis༛residual strength energy dissipation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 17 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 05 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 28 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 26 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8700019","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588533860,"identity":"1ad38605-d061-4ece-85a3-8dbf555057e3","order_by":0,"name":"han Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"han","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":588533865,"identity":"b5a2d48d-a5e1-40e6-bebb-d7e1904e746b","order_by":1,"name":"Zihan Bai","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfv7mww8+VNjIMTYzHyBOi+SMY2mGM86kGTO3tyUQp8XgQI6BNG/boUT2njMGRLrswAEDAx62Awm8M3I+3njDYCen20BAB2NzQ8IDCZ47eZIzcjdbzmFINjY7QEALM9gaiWfFhjNyt0nzMBxI3EZICxtDYoNEgsHhxP03cp4Rp4WHIZlB4kDC4cTGnjNsxGmRkDjGZthwIM2Ysb3N2HKOARF+sT/f//nx33/gqHx4402FnRxBLahW8hAbNUhaSNUxCkbBKBgFIwIAAKB3SUgvxZZlAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zihan","middleName":"","lastName":"Bai","suffix":""},{"id":588533867,"identity":"337c5a30-20d3-49fe-bebf-18c0c0c7fc21","order_by":2,"name":"Yunjing Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunjing","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":588533872,"identity":"26a0aa06-0116-4d4e-b353-617554cfb24b","order_by":3,"name":"Zedi Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liaoning Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zedi","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":588533874,"identity":"7f158213-ba53-4d91-af71-d85816facd10","order_by":4,"name":"Chen Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Wollongong","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chen","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-26 12:08:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102398033,"identity":"0f8ac334-238e-4c95-9762-9fa791b68b76","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-11 10:20:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1077225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8700019/v1_covered_645a9f93-c31c-4878-be4b-3dcc302b0f9d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design and Application of New Rock Bolt for Large Deformation Roadway Support in Underground Coal Mine","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rock bolt profile, large deformation roadway, failure analysis༛residual strength, energy dissipation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRock bolt profile has significant influence on the load-transfer mechanism within the rock bolting system. In response to the problem of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep underground mining, this study develops a new type of bolt with a rib spacing of 50 mm suitable for large deformation support of surrounding rock based on in-depth investigation into optimizing the geometric configuration of rebar bolts. The design objective is established with a focus on improving the bolting system's residual strength and energy absorption capacity based on precise control of the failure mode of rock bolting. Laboratory test results demonstrate that the new bolt achieved a 23.8% and 28.2% increase in peak pullout force using Aluminum and PVC sleeves, respectively. System energy absorption capacity increased by 75.5% and 104.4%, respectively. Field tests further confirmed the superior performance of the novel bolt in roof and rib support, exhibiting significantly higher peak pullout force and energy absorption capacity compared to conventional bolts. Industrial trial provided additional validation of the new bolt's support effectiveness. It provides a new solution for roadway support in deep underground mining and has important theoretical significance and practical application.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Design and Application of New Rock Bolt for Large Deformation Roadway Support in Underground Coal Mine","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-10 18:07:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8700019/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-17T10:05:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-09T20:06:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-08T18:30:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"149997853373994903039592386420490197975","date":"2026-02-06T23:04:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"170558582651634309212669004534266344661","date":"2026-02-06T06:21:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-06T01:10:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-05T16:16:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-28T11:21:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-28T11:18:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-01-26T11:54:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"adb3295d-7c94-4577-bb9e-303837726201","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 10th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":62615367,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":62615368,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":62615369,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-21T08:08:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-10 18:07:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8700019","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8700019","identity":"rs-8700019","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}