Immobilization of Cu2+ Based on Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Urease-producing Strain Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2

Immobilization of Cu2+ Based on Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Urease-producing Strain Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Immobilization of Cu 2+ Based on Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Urease-producing Strain Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 WANG Bin-hao, CHEN Nuo, SHEN Ting-yun, FAN Ting, SUN Jing-yi, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging bioremediation technology for heavy metals. However, the application of MICP for copper (Cu²⁺) remediation often faces challenges related to identifying robust microbial strains with high urease activity, elucidating the detailed immobilization mechanisms, and managing the ammonium by-product generated during urea hydrolysis. This study aimed to address these gaps by systematically investigating the novel ureolytic bacterium Sporosarcina koreensis Z-2 ( S. koreensis JZ-2) for Cu²⁺ immobilization. The strain exhibited strong urease activity, peaking at 3476.67 U/mL, and produced carbonate at concentrations up to 14.01 g/L. S. koreensis JZ-2 demonstrated good tolerance to Cu²⁺, with growth marginally inhibited at ≤ 20 mg/L but significantly suppressed above 50 mg/L. The optimal Cu²⁺ immobilization efficiency was 83.36% at 10 mg/L Cu²⁺. The addition of CaCl₂ synergistically enhanced the removal rate to 94.48%, while 83.72% of the co-generated ammonium was recovered via struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) crystallization. Mineralogical characterization confirmed that the dominant precipitates were aragonite and basic copper carbonate (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃), clarifying the primary immobilization pathway. These findings demonstrate the integrated potential of S. koreensis JZ-2 in MICP for efficient Cu²⁺ remediation and simultaneous nutrient recovery from contaminated water. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 urease activity Cu2+ immobilization struvite Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 1. Introduction Heavy metal pollution, stemming from human activities over recent decades, poses a profound and persistent threat to ecosystems due to the non-degradable nature of these contaminants [ 1 – 3 ] . Metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, and zinc can accumulate in water, sediments, and soils [ 4 , 5 ] , with several major river systems in China reportedly affected [ 6 , 7 ] . Among these, copper is of particular concern owing to its extensive use in agriculture and industry, leading to frequent detection in wastewater [ 8 ] . Excessive copper discharge disrupts aquatic ecosystems and compromises the self-purification capacity of water bodies [ 9 – 11 ] . Moreover, copper can bioaccumulate through the food chain, causing severe health effects including neurological damage, kidney dysfunction, and anemia [ 12 , 13 ] . Therefore, developing effective and sustainable technologies for copper removal is imperative. Traditional physical and chemical methods, such as the use of adsorbents, ion exchange, solidification/stabilization agents, and electrochemical techniques [ 14 , 15 ] , are often constrained by high operational costs, sensitivity to water chemistry (e.g., pH, competing ions), and the generation of secondary waste [ 16 ] . In contrast, bioremediation strategies that harness microbial metabolism offer a more environmentally compatible alternative [ 17 ] . In particular, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a promising technology for immobilizing heavy metals [ 18 , 19 ] . MICP exploits the urease activity of certain bacteria to hydrolyze urea, raising the pH and promoting the precipitation of carbonate minerals that can incorporate or adsorb metal ions, thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability [ 20 ] . The fundamental principle of MICP relies on urease-producing bacteria to hydrolyze urea. Urease catalyzes the decomposition of urea into ammonia (NH₃) and carbamic acid (NH₂COOH). The unstable carbamic acid spontaneously hydrolyzes, yielding a second molecule of ammonia and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). In aqueous solution, carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and a proton (H⁺). Concurrently, the dissolution of ammonia increases the pH of the microenvironment, shifting the carbonate equilibrium (H₂CO₃ ⇌ HCO₃⁻ ⇌ CO₃²⁻) toward the generation of carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻). In the presence of free calcium ions (Ca²⁺), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitates, predominantly forming crystalline polymorphs such as calcite or aragonite on bacterial surfaces or in the surrounding matrix. This biomineralization process effectively immobilizes heavy metal ions (M²⁺) through incorporation into the carbonate lattice or adsorption onto the mineral surfaces [ 21 , 22 ] . The key reactions involved are summarized as follows [ 23 ] : (1) CO(NH 2 ) 2 +H 2 O→NH 2 COOH+NH 3 (2) NH 2 COOH+H 2 O→NH 3 +H 2 CO 3 (3) H 2 CO 3 →HCO 3− +H + (4) 2NH 3 +2H 2 O→2NH 4 + +2OH − (5) HCO 3− +H + +2NH 4 + +2OH − →CO 3 2− +2NH 4 + +2H 2 O (6) Cell+Ca 2+ →Cell-Ca 2+ (7) Cell-Ca 2+ + CO 3 2− →Cell-CaCO 3 (8) CO 3 2− + M 2+ → MCO 3 ↓ MICP has been applied to remediate Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sr, Ni, and other heavy metal pollutants and radioactive elements [ 24 ] . For example, Achal et al [ 25 ] . found that MICP has a good fixation effect on Cu, Sr, and As, with the fixation rate of Cu by urease bacteria Kocuria flava CR1 reaching 85%. Other studies have confirmed that MICP fixes exchangeable heavy metals in the form of bound carbonates, or through the formation of calcite, hexagonal rocks, dolomite, and other biological minerals to adsorb and fix heavy metals [ 26 ] . Despite these advances, critical knowledge gaps persist in the field. These include the underexplored performance of novel, high-activity ureolytic strains under copper stress, the need for a systematic investigation into the synergistic role of exogenous calcium in enhancing immobilization and mitigating bacterial toxicity, as well as the frequent oversight of effective ammonia by-product management, which is essential for the sustainable application of MICP. This study addresses these gaps through a comprehensive assessment of the ureolytic bacterium Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 ( S. koreensis JZ-2). Our investigation encompasses its growth kinetics, urease activity, carbonate production, and Cu²⁺ tolerance. The synergistic effect of Ca²⁺ on copper immobilization is quantified, and the precipitated mineral phases are characterized. In parallel, we demonstrate a strategy for ammonia by-product recovery via struvite crystallization. Together, this integrated approach not only elucidates the mechanism of Cu²⁺ fixation but also enhances the sustainability and practical potential of MICP for copper-contaminated water remediation. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Bacteria preparation Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 [23] was isolated in the laboratory and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Hefei Fengzhi Biological Company). The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database under accession number OM877507. 2.2 Preparation of culture media and bacterial suspensions The NBU medium, a nutrient broth supplemented with urea, contained (per liter): 10.0 g; beef extract, 3.0 g; sodium chloride, 5.0 g; urea 20.0 g. The initial pH was adjusted to 7.3 ± 0.2 with 1 mol/L HCl or NaOH. All components except urea were autoclaved at 121 °C for 30 min. Urea was filter-sterilized (0.22 μm cellulose acetate membrane) and added aseptically to the cooled medium. For preparation of bacterial suspension [27] , S. koreensis JZ-2 was inoculated into sterilized NBU medium and cultured for 24 hat 30 °C with shaking at 130 rpm. Cells were harvested by centrifugation (4200 × g, 10 min), washed three times with 0.9% sterile saline, and finally resuspended in saline to obtain a homogeneous cell suspension with an optical density at 600 nm ( OD 600 ) of approximately 1.0 (approximately 10⁸ CFU/mL), which served as the inoculum for all subsequent experiments. 2.3 Experimental methods 2.3.1 Growth characteristics and metabolite production of S. koreensis JZ-2 The bacterial suspension (1 ml) was inoculated to 100 ml of sterilized NBU medium in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks sealed with breathable plugs. Cultures were incubated in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 30 ℃ and 130 rpm for 48 h. During incubation, the optical density at 600 nm ( OD 600 ), pH, carbonate concentration, and ammonia nitrogen concentration were monitored at 6-hour intervals. OD 600 was measured using a UV-vis spectrometer (Model 754PC, Shanghai Jinghua Technology Instrument Co., Ltd.). The concentration (reported as CO₃²⁻ equivalents) was determined by chemical titration [28] . The ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺) concentration was determined by Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry [29] , and urease activity was assayed using the phenol‑hypochlorite method [30] and expressed in ΔU/mL, where one unit (ΔU) is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates 1 μmol of NH₄⁺ per minute from a 0.1 mol/L urea solution at 30 °C. The residual urea concentration in the culture was determined by the p ‑dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) colorimetric method [31] . 2.3.2 Tolerance test of S. koreensis JZ-2 to Cu 2+ The bacterial suspension (1 mL) was inoculated into 100 mL of sterile NBU medium amended with Cu²⁺ (as CuCl₂·2H₂O) at final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 mg/L. Filter-sterilized urea was added, and cultures were incubated at 30 °C with shaking at 130 rpm for 48 h. Growth was monitored by measuring OD 600 at 6-hours intervals. 2.3.3 Effect of calcium on Cu 2+ immobilization by S. koreensis JZ-2 To evaluate the influence of exogenous calcium on Cu²⁺ immobilization, S. koreensis JZ-2 suspension (1 mL) was inoculated into 100 mL sterilized NBU medium supplemented with Cu²⁺ at initial concentrations of 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/L. The experiment comprised two groups: a treatment group supplemented with 5 g/L CaCl₂ and a control group without CaCl₂, which established the baseline Cu²⁺immobilization capacity of S. koreensis JZ-2. All cultures were incubated at 30 °C with agitation at 130 rpm for 48 h. Supernatant samples were collected at 6-hour intervals, filtered through a 0.22 μm aqueous membrane, and analyzed for residual Cu²⁺ concentration by Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS, ZEROM ProD40, China). 2.3.4 Ammonium removal via struvite crystallization The supernatant from the MICP process, rich in NH₄⁺, was treated to recover nitrogen as struvite. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O) and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O) were added to the supernatant to achieve a molar ratio of Mg²⁺: NH₄⁺: PO₄³⁻ = 1:1:1. The pH was adjusted to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH. The mixture was stirred magnetically at room temperature for 60 min. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, dried at 60 °C, and characterized [32] . 2.2 Sample characterization The solid precipitates obtained from the S. koreensis JZ-2-induced MICP process and the crystals recovered from ammonia‑nitrogen treatment (struvite) were collected by centrifugation, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, and dried at 60 °C. The mineralogical composition and functional groups of the dried powders were analyzed by X‑ray diffraction (XRD) [33] and Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [34] , respectively. The morphology and elemental composition of selected samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS) [35] . 2.3 Data analysis The Cu 2+ removal efficiency( R , %) was calculated as follows [23] : 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Metabolic Performance of S. koreensis JZ-2 3.1.1. Growth Dynamics and Urease Activity The growth profile of S. koreensis JZ-2 and the concomitant increase in pH are shown in Fig. 1 . Following a 12-hour lag phase, the strain exhibited exponential growth from 12 to 18 h, reaching a maximum optical density ( OD₆₀₀ ) of 1.351, before entering the stationary phase due to nutrient depletion. Microbial metabolism drove the pH from neutral to a stable alkaline value of 9.36. This self-induced alkalinization is a critical outcome of ureolysis, creating thermodynamic conditions favorable for metal hydroxides and carbonates to precipitate. At pH > 9, copper speciation shifts from free Cu²⁺ toward hydrolyzed species (e.g., Cu(OH)₃⁻, Cu(OH)₄²⁻) and solid Cu(OH)₂ (Ksp = 2.2 × 10⁻²⁰), thereby reducing its aqueous mobility and bioavailability [ 36 , 37 ] . Urease activity, the enzymatic driver of this process, increased progressively during cultivation (Fig. 2 A). Activity rose during the exponential phase and peaked at 3476.67 U/mL at 42 h, which corresponds to the early stationary phase. This delayed peak suggests that urease expression in S. koreensis JZ-2 is subject to complex post-exponential regulation rather than strict growth-coupling, a strategy that may prioritize resource allocation for biomineralization under high-cell-density conditions, as observed in other ureolytic bacteria [ 38 , 39 ] . 3.1.2. Urea Degradation and Product Generation Carbonate (CO₃²⁻) generation, a direct product of ureolysis, dictates the potential for mineral precipitation [ 40 ] . As depicted in Fig. 2 B, the CO₃²⁻ concentration produced by S. koreensis JZ-2 increased slowly during the first 6 h, accelerated substantially thereafter, and reached a maximum of 14.01 g/L at 36 h, followed by a slight decrease. This decline likely corresponds to the onset of active carbonate precipitation (consuming CO₃²⁻) and a reduction in the net production rate as bacterial metabolism slowed in the stationary phase. The temporal offset between the peaks of urease activity (42 h) and carbonate concentration (36 h) further reflects the dynamic integration of enzymatic hydrolysis, ion equilibria, and precipitation kinetics within the MICP process. Urea hydrolysis by S. koreensis JZ-2 was quantified by monitoring substrate depletion and ammonium accumulation (Fig. 3 ). The urea concentration decreased most rapidly between 18 and 30 h, a period that coincided with the highest metabolic and urease activity. During this interval, urea content declined sharply from 1971.03 to 35.18 mg/L. Concomitantly, the hydrolysis generated a substantial ammonium (NH₄⁺) load, reaching a maximum concentration of 7710 mg/L. These results demonstrate the efficient and complete substrate turnover by the strain, which supplies both the carbonate ions and the alkaline conditions essential for the subsequent MICP process. 3.2 Copper Tolerance and Immobilization Performance of S. koreensis JZ-2 S. koreensis JZ-2 demonstrated considerable tolerance to Cu²⁺, with growth only marginally inhibited at concentrations up to 20 mg/L but significantly suppressed above 50 mg/L (Fig. 4 A). The Cu²⁺ immobilization efficiency mirrored this trend, achieving an optimal removal of 83.36% at 10 mg/L but declining at higher concentrations (Fig. 4 B). This decline is consistent with classic heavy metal toxicity mechanisms, where elevated Cu²⁺ induces cellular oxidative stress and can inhibit metabolic enzymes by binding to essential thiol groups, ultimately compromising cellular viability and urease activity [ 41 ] . The addition of Ca²⁺ dramatically enhanced the remediation performance, boosting the maximum Cu²⁺ removal efficiency to 94.48%at 10 mg/L (Fig. 4 C). This performance compares favorably with previous MICP studies, such as the 85% removal reported for Kocuria flava CR1 [ 25 ] , highlighting the efficacy of the present strain and strategy. The enhancement is attributed to a synergistic mechanism: Ca²⁺ not only precipitates as carbonate (e.g., aragonite) to provide nucleation sites for subsequent copper carbonate formation [ 42 ] , but also likely competes with Cu²⁺ for binding sites on bacterial cell walls [ 34 ] . This competitive biosorption alleviates Cu²⁺-induced toxicity, helping to maintain robust microbial urease activity (Figs. 2 A, 4 A) and thus sustaining the carbonate generation essential for continuous immobilization. 3.3 Mechanistic Insights into Cu²⁺ Immobilization and Mineralogical Evidence The significant enhancement of Cu²⁺ immobilization upon Ca²⁺ addition (up to 94.48%, Fig. 4 C) can be attributed to two interconnected mechanisms, which are directly supported by comprehensive mineralogical and morphological characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis definitively established malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃) as the predominant copper-bearing crystalline phase, confirming direct precipitation as the primary immobilization route (Fig. 5 A). Concurrently, the precipitation of Ca²⁺ as aragonite (Fig. 5 A) provided abundant nucleation sites, facilitating the heterogeneous growth and co-precipitation process [ 42 ] . Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated the formation of these carbonate minerals, showing characteristic vibrations for both malachite (~ 1400, 1100–1000 cm⁻¹) and aragonite (833 and 1079 cm⁻¹) (Fig. 5 B) [ 14 , 43 ] . More critically, Ca²⁺ likely functioned as a detoxifying agent. By competitively occupying cation-binding sites (e.g., carboxylate and phosphate groups) on the bacterial cell wall [ 34 ] , Ca²⁺ reduced the intracellular uptake of toxic Cu²⁺. This alleviation of metal stress was essential for maintaining robust urease activity (Figs. 2 A, 4 A), which in turn ensured the sustained generation of carbonate ions required for immobilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided direct visual evidence of this interfacial interaction. Bacterial cell surfaces, smooth in the absence of Cu²⁺ (Fig. 6 A), became roughened and coated with mineral aggregates upon exposure, acting as nucleation templates (Fig. 6 B) [ 44 ] . While aragonite was co-precipitated, the distinct malachite XRD peaks indicate that Cu²⁺ incorporation into the calcium carbonate lattice was a secondary pathway under these conditions. However, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, which confirmed the close association of Ca and Cu within the mineral aggregates (Fig. 6 D), suggests that surface adsorption or interfacial coprecipitation also occurred [ 45 ] . SEM-EDS further revealed the composite microstructure, with oval-shaped aragonite crystals observed alongside irregular aggregates of malachite, providing direct elemental evidence of Cu sequestration via biogenic carbonate formation (Fig. 6 C, D). 3.5. Process Integration for Ammonium Recovery via Struvite Crystallization Managing the substantial ammonium (NH₄⁺) by-product (reaching 7710 mg/L, Fig. 7 ) is crucial for the sustainable application of MICP. In this study, 83.72% of the NH₄⁺ load was successfully recovered via crystallization as struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O), reducing the concentration to 1255.14 mg L⁻¹. The precipitated product was confirmed to be high-purity struvite through comprehensive characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed excellent agreement with the reference pattern for orthorhombic struvite (Fig. 8 A). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further confirmed its identity, displaying characteristic vibration bands of the PO₄³⁻ tetrahedron at 1008 cm⁻¹ and 571 cm⁻¹ (Fig. 8 B), consistent with standard spectra [ 46 , 47 ] . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the product consisted of irregular, smooth-surfaced crystalline blocks (Fig. 8 C), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis verified its elemental composition (O, P, N, Mg), aligning with the theoretical formula of struvite (Fig. 8 D). This recovery step effectively transforms a dissolved nitrogenous pollutant into a valuable slow-release fertilizer, closing the nutrient loop. The integration of nutrient recovery with metal immobilization substantially enhances the overall sustainability and practical applicability of the MICP process for wastewater treatment. 4. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2 is a highly effective ureolytic bacterium for copper bioremediation via microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). The work elucidates a critical synergistic mechanism whereby the addition of Ca²⁺ enhances Cu²⁺ removal efficiency to 94.48% not only by providing an aragonite scaffold for co-precipitation but also by competitively mitigating Cu²⁺ toxicity, thereby preserving essential microbial urease activity. Mineralogical analysis confirmed that copper is primarily sequestered as stable malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃). Furthermore, the integration of ammonium recovery as struvite (83.72% recovery) presents a viable strategy for managing nitrogenous by-products, advancing MICP toward a more sustainable and circular remediation technology. These findings provide both a mechanistic understanding and a practical framework for applying MICP in the treatment of copper-contaminated water. Future research should focus on optimizing this coupled process in continuous-flow systems and evaluating its efficacy in complex, multi-metal environments. Declarations Authorship contribution Wang Bin-hao : Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing original draft. Chen Nuo : Investigation, Validation, Resources, writing original draft. Shen Ting-yun : Investigation, Validation, Resources. Fan Ting : Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Sun Jing-yi : Validation. Yang Li-yuan : Validation. Jiang Ye-hong : Validation. Chen Haiyan : Writing - Review & Editing. Conflicts of Interest No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Funding This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.: 41101485), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant no.: 2019YFC1805203), the Natural Science Research Key Projects in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province (Grant no.: KJ2019A0203), and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (S202510364191). Data availability statement The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Ethical approval the research does not involve humans or animals. Consent to participate the research does not use human subjects. Consent for publication the manuscript does not contain any images that are from other authors. Competing interests the authors declare no competing interests. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 02 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8770596","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":602877140,"identity":"112ffec5-ce57-4afa-8a16-2911e0998615","order_by":0,"name":"WANG Bin-hao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"WANG","middleName":"","lastName":"Bin-hao","suffix":""},{"id":602877142,"identity":"616ad074-5f86-4176-8924-b19720b2711d","order_by":1,"name":"CHEN Nuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"CHEN","middleName":"","lastName":"Nuo","suffix":""},{"id":602877143,"identity":"27e8e28d-56fe-48a2-88b6-b0fe2027e794","order_by":2,"name":"SHEN Ting-yun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"SHEN","middleName":"","lastName":"Ting-yun","suffix":""},{"id":602877145,"identity":"bcd148c7-fb44-45a8-9880-bd013c0116a5","order_by":3,"name":"FAN Ting","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9gYgkcDAIMcgAeYzE9bCc4CBsQGoxZhELUA6sYF4Lexnjz94uKM2vX928zMJhgrrxAb2swfwa+HJS2xIPHM8d8adY2YSDGfSExt48hLwarFnyDFsSGw7lttwI8FMgrHtMNCFPAb4beF/A9aSLn8j/ZsE4z9itEiAbalJMLiRA7SlgSgtbwxnJLYdMNx4I6fYIuFYunEbTw4hh+UYfPzZVicvdyN9440PNday/exn8GuBgsMQKgGI2YhRDwR1RKobBaNgFIyCEQkAXu5GybpFY9sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"FAN","middleName":"","lastName":"Ting","suffix":""},{"id":602877147,"identity":"604b1736-5f0d-4b95-af92-3bedd8c7ceda","order_by":4,"name":"SUN Jing-yi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"SUN","middleName":"","lastName":"Jing-yi","suffix":""},{"id":602877153,"identity":"ff4c11f5-a24b-4f85-8591-6e47728b93f7","order_by":5,"name":"YANG Li-yuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"YANG","middleName":"","lastName":"Li-yuan","suffix":""},{"id":602877154,"identity":"ed46fb7e-de35-48d5-8bc2-8218fb33ee24","order_by":6,"name":"JIANG Ye-hong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"JIANG","middleName":"","lastName":"Ye-hong","suffix":""},{"id":602877155,"identity":"47d738ae-61f2-473c-8046-2d0865cd6dd0","order_by":7,"name":"CHEN Haiyan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"CHEN","middleName":"","lastName":"Haiyan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-03 03:53:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104491845,"identity":"4542fb9d-2b59-4851-99f9-d2659a0d270c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-12 11:52:48","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":68163,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBiomass and pH changes during the growth of strain \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/e3de1e4a6e6dc2d2c4244b56.png"},{"id":104491848,"identity":"094e0042-d674-4f32-b9ee-97fb5f3c2466","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-12 11:52:48","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":163608,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges of urease (A) and CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e concentration (B) during the growth of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/3615ab197fce48acd828c841.png"},{"id":104781359,"identity":"9fc4885a-6428-4884-ae66-40c230ae3a8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:55:31","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":86150,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e and urea during the growth of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/d30d769c83b2140ed8420dac.png"},{"id":104491846,"identity":"c166f3b2-4e67-47c2-9676-2a39f41b6630","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-12 11:52:48","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":665143,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTolerance (A) and fixation (B) of Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e by \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 and removal rate after adding CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (C). \u003cem\u003eP \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05 indicates a significant result\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/01609ed573686c2da54b90e7.png"},{"id":104780660,"identity":"96ad35ee-5382-4187-9f00-02c1f61b3117","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:53:31","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":118533,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eXRD (A) and FTIR (B) pattern of precipitate produced by \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 mineralization\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/17f63c7e46c9a98b993107b0.png"},{"id":104780879,"identity":"2256459c-576c-46b7-a7ae-c99a0ec029f2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:54:11","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":821685,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSEM images showing changes in \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 strain without Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (A) and with 20 mg/L Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (B); SEM images (C) and EDS spectra (D) of Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e fixed by \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/9360438adaad39e91c09b680.png"},{"id":104491850,"identity":"a50e04bc-4224-4d4c-b7b9-aa88c8b3a4ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-12 11:52:48","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30382,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e concentration before and after struvite synthesis\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/5a9a48e5b551d936e9454f2b.png"},{"id":105562544,"identity":"f003bca0-2a13-49a3-ad0c-d1b2744b2f10","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-27 12:42:35","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":438445,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eXRD (A), FTIR pattern (B), SEM image (C) and EDS element map (D) of ammonia-nitrogen precipitation by adding MgCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/497a553866512cc0c48b91f7.png"},{"id":105568646,"identity":"13e8018c-02a5-4272-a185-514e65ebda5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-27 13:10:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3255394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8770596/v1/4a9ed354-a49e-484c-b8c7-c3002e3f14e2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eImmobilization of Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e Based on Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Urease-producing Strain Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHeavy metal pollution, stemming from human activities over recent decades, poses a profound and persistent threat to ecosystems due to the non-degradable nature of these contaminants \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, and zinc can accumulate in water, sediments, and soils \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, with several major river systems in China reportedly affected \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Among these, copper is of particular concern owing to its extensive use in agriculture and industry, leading to frequent detection in wastewater \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Excessive copper discharge disrupts aquatic ecosystems and compromises the self-purification capacity of water bodies \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Moreover, copper can bioaccumulate through the food chain, causing severe health effects including neurological damage, kidney dysfunction, and anemia \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, developing effective and sustainable technologies for copper removal is imperative.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional physical and chemical methods, such as the use of adsorbents, ion exchange, solidification/stabilization agents, and electrochemical techniques\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, are often constrained by high operational costs, sensitivity to water chemistry (e.g., pH, competing ions), and the generation of secondary waste \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In contrast, bioremediation strategies that harness microbial metabolism offer a more environmentally compatible alternative \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In particular, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a promising technology for immobilizing heavy metals \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. MICP exploits the urease activity of certain bacteria to hydrolyze urea, raising the pH and promoting the precipitation of carbonate minerals that can incorporate or adsorb metal ions, thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fundamental principle of MICP relies on urease-producing bacteria to hydrolyze urea. Urease catalyzes the decomposition of urea into ammonia (NH₃) and carbamic acid (NH₂COOH). The unstable carbamic acid spontaneously hydrolyzes, yielding a second molecule of ammonia and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). In aqueous solution, carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and a proton (H⁺). Concurrently, the dissolution of ammonia increases the pH of the microenvironment, shifting the carbonate equilibrium (H₂CO₃ ⇌ HCO₃⁻ ⇌ CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻) toward the generation of carbonate ions (CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻). In the presence of free calcium ions (Ca\u0026sup2;⁺), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitates, predominantly forming crystalline polymorphs such as calcite or aragonite on bacterial surfaces or in the surrounding matrix. This biomineralization process effectively immobilizes heavy metal ions (M\u0026sup2;⁺) through incorporation into the carbonate lattice or adsorption onto the mineral surfaces \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The key reactions involved are summarized as follows \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) CO(NH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e+H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026rarr;NH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCOOH+NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) NH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCOOH+H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026rarr;NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e+H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(3) H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026rarr;HCO\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e+H\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(4) 2NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e+2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026rarr;2NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e+2OH\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(5) HCO\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e+H\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e+2NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e+2OH\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026rarr;CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e+2NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e+2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(6) Cell+Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026rarr;Cell-Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(7) Cell-Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e+ CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026rarr;Cell-CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(8) CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e + M\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026rarr; MCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026darr;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMICP has been applied to remediate Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sr, Ni, and other heavy metal pollutants and radioactive elements\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. For example, Achal et al\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. found that MICP has a good fixation effect on Cu, Sr, and As, with the fixation rate of Cu by urease bacteria \u003cem\u003eKocuria flava\u003c/em\u003e CR1 reaching 85%. Other studies have confirmed that MICP fixes exchangeable heavy metals in the form of bound carbonates, or through the formation of calcite, hexagonal rocks, dolomite, and other biological minerals to adsorb and fix heavy metals\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Despite these advances, critical knowledge gaps persist in the field. These include the underexplored performance of novel, high-activity ureolytic strains under copper stress, the need for a systematic investigation into the synergistic role of exogenous calcium in enhancing immobilization and mitigating bacterial toxicity, as well as the frequent oversight of effective ammonia by-product management, which is essential for the sustainable application of MICP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study addresses these gaps through a comprehensive assessment of the ureolytic bacterium \u003cem\u003eSporosarcina koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 (\u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2). Our investigation encompasses its growth kinetics, urease activity, carbonate production, and Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ tolerance. The synergistic effect of Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ on copper immobilization is quantified, and the precipitated mineral phases are characterized. In parallel, we demonstrate a strategy for ammonia by-product recovery via struvite crystallization. Together, this integrated approach not only elucidates the mechanism of Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ fixation but also enhances the sustainability and practical potential of MICP for copper-contaminated water remediation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1 Bacteria preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSporosarcina koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003csup\u003e[23]\u003c/sup\u003e was isolated in the laboratory and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Hefei Fengzhi Biological Company). The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database under accession number OM877507.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 Preparation of culture media and bacterial suspensions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NBU medium, a nutrient broth supplemented with urea, contained (per liter): 10.0 g; beef extract, 3.0 g; sodium chloride, 5.0 g; urea 20.0 g. The initial pH was adjusted to 7.3 \u0026plusmn; 0.2 with 1 mol/L HCl or NaOH. All components except urea were autoclaved at 121\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 30 min. Urea was filter-sterilized (0.22 \u0026mu;m cellulose acetate membrane) and added aseptically to the cooled medium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor preparation of bacterial suspension\u003csup\u003e[27]\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 was inoculated into sterilized NBU medium and cultured for 24 hat 30 \u0026deg;C with shaking at 130 rpm. Cells were harvested by centrifugation (4200 \u0026times; g, 10 min), washed three times with 0.9% sterile saline, and finally resuspended in saline to obtain a homogeneous cell suspension with an optical density at 600 nm (\u003cem\u003eOD\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e) of approximately 1.0 (approximately 10⁸ CFU/mL), which served as the inoculum for all subsequent experiments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3 Experimental methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3.1 Growth characteristics and metabolite production of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;S. koreensis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eJZ-2\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bacterial suspension (1 ml) was inoculated to 100 ml of sterilized NBU medium in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks sealed with breathable plugs. Cultures were incubated in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 30 ℃ and 130 rpm for 48 h. During incubation, the optical density at 600 nm (\u003cem\u003eOD\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e), pH, carbonate concentration, and ammonia nitrogen concentration were monitored at 6-hour intervals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOD\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e was measured using a UV-vis spectrometer (Model 754PC, Shanghai Jinghua Technology Instrument Co., Ltd.). The concentration (reported as CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻ equivalents) was determined by chemical titration\u003csup\u003e[28]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺) concentration was determined by Nessler\u0026apos;s reagent spectrophotometry\u003csup\u003e[29]\u003c/sup\u003e, and urease activity was assayed using the phenol‑hypochlorite method \u003csup\u003e[30]\u003c/sup\u003e and expressed in \u0026Delta;U/mL, where one unit (\u0026Delta;U) is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates 1 \u0026mu;mol of NH₄⁺ per minute from a 0.1 mol/L urea solution at 30 \u0026deg;C. The residual urea concentration in the culture was determined by the \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e‑dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) colorimetric method \u003csup\u003e[31]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3.2 Tolerance test of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 to Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bacterial suspension (1 mL) was inoculated into 100 mL of sterile NBU medium amended with Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ (as CuCl₂\u0026middot;2H₂O) at final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 mg/L. Filter-sterilized urea was added, and cultures were incubated at 30 \u0026deg;C with shaking at 130 rpm for 48 h. Growth was monitored by measuring \u003cem\u003eOD\u003csub\u003e600\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e at 6-hours intervals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3.3 Effect of calcium on Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eimmobilization by\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJZ-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the influence of exogenous calcium on Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ immobilization,\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;S. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 suspension (1 mL) was inoculated into 100 mL sterilized NBU medium supplemented with Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ at initial concentrations of 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/L. The experiment comprised two groups: a treatment group supplemented with 5 g/L CaCl₂ and a control group without CaCl₂, which established the baseline Cu\u0026sup2;⁺immobilization capacity of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eJZ-2. All cultures were incubated at 30 \u0026deg;C with agitation at 130 rpm for 48 h. Supernatant samples were collected at 6-hour intervals, filtered through a 0.22 \u0026mu;m aqueous membrane, and analyzed for residual Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ concentration\u0026nbsp;by\u0026nbsp;Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS, ZEROM ProD40, China).\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3.4 Ammonium removal via struvite crystallization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe supernatant from the MICP process, rich in NH₄⁺, was treated to recover nitrogen as struvite. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂\u0026middot;6H₂O) and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na₂HPO₄\u0026middot;12H₂O) were added to the supernatant to achieve a molar ratio of Mg\u0026sup2;⁺: NH₄⁺: PO₄\u0026sup3;⁻ = 1:1:1. The pH was adjusted to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH. The mixture was stirred magnetically at room temperature for 60 min. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, dried at 60 \u0026deg;C, and characterized \u003csup\u003e[32]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 Sample characterization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe solid precipitates obtained from the \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2-induced MICP process and the crystals recovered from ammonia‑nitrogen treatment (struvite) were collected by centrifugation, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, and dried at 60 \u0026deg;C. The mineralogical composition and functional groups of the dried powders were analyzed by X‑ray diffraction (XRD) \u003csup\u003e[33]\u003c/sup\u003e and Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) \u003csup\u003e[34]\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. The morphology and elemental composition of selected samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS)\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;[35]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3 Data\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eanalysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e removal efficiency(\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e, %) was calculated as follows\u003csup\u003e[23]\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Metabolic Performance of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.1. Growth Dynamics and Urease Activity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe growth profile of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 and the concomitant increase in pH are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Following a 12-hour lag phase, the strain exhibited exponential growth from 12 to 18 h, reaching a maximum optical density (\u003cem\u003eOD₆₀₀\u003c/em\u003e) of 1.351, before entering the stationary phase due to nutrient depletion. Microbial metabolism drove the pH from neutral to a stable alkaline value of 9.36. This self-induced alkalinization is a critical outcome of ureolysis, creating thermodynamic conditions favorable for metal hydroxides and carbonates to precipitate. At pH\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;9, copper speciation shifts from free Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ toward hydrolyzed species (e.g., Cu(OH)₃⁻, Cu(OH)₄\u0026sup2;⁻) and solid Cu(OH)₂ (Ksp\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.2 \u0026times; 10⁻\u0026sup2;⁰), thereby reducing its aqueous mobility and bioavailability \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrease activity, the enzymatic driver of this process, increased progressively during cultivation (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eA). Activity rose during the exponential phase and peaked at 3476.67 U/mL at 42 h, which corresponds to the early stationary phase. This delayed peak suggests that urease expression in \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 is subject to complex post-exponential regulation rather than strict growth-coupling, a strategy that may prioritize resource allocation for biomineralization under high-cell-density conditions, as observed in other ureolytic bacteria \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.2. Urea Degradation and Product Generation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbonate (CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻) generation, a direct product of ureolysis, dictates the potential for mineral precipitation\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. As depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eB, the CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻ concentration produced by \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 increased slowly during the first 6 h, accelerated substantially thereafter, and reached a maximum of 14.01 g/L at 36 h, followed by a slight decrease. This decline likely corresponds to the onset of active carbonate precipitation (consuming CO₃\u0026sup2;⁻) and a reduction in the net production rate as bacterial metabolism slowed in the stationary phase. The temporal offset between the peaks of urease activity (42 h) and carbonate concentration (36 h) further reflects the dynamic integration of enzymatic hydrolysis, ion equilibria, and precipitation kinetics within the MICP process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrea hydrolysis by \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 was quantified by monitoring substrate depletion and ammonium accumulation (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The urea concentration decreased most rapidly between 18 and 30 h, a period that coincided with the highest metabolic and urease activity. During this interval, urea content declined sharply from 1971.03 to 35.18 mg/L. Concomitantly, the hydrolysis generated a substantial ammonium (NH₄⁺) load, reaching a maximum concentration of 7710 mg/L. These results demonstrate the efficient and complete substrate turnover by the strain, which supplies both the carbonate ions and the alkaline conditions essential for the subsequent MICP process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Copper Tolerance and Immobilization Performance of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 demonstrated considerable tolerance to Cu\u0026sup2;⁺, with growth only marginally inhibited at concentrations up to 20 mg/L but significantly suppressed above 50 mg/L (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA). The Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ immobilization efficiency mirrored this trend, achieving an optimal removal of 83.36% at 10 mg/L but declining at higher concentrations (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eB). This decline is consistent with classic heavy metal toxicity mechanisms, where elevated Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ induces cellular oxidative stress and can inhibit metabolic enzymes by binding to essential thiol groups, ultimately compromising cellular viability and urease activity \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe addition of Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ dramatically enhanced the remediation performance, boosting the maximum Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ removal efficiency to 94.48%at 10 mg/L (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eC). This performance compares favorably with previous MICP studies, such as the 85% removal reported for \u003cem\u003eKocuria flava\u003c/em\u003e CR1 \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, highlighting the efficacy of the present strain and strategy. The enhancement is attributed to a synergistic mechanism: Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ not only precipitates as carbonate (e.g., aragonite) to provide nucleation sites for subsequent copper carbonate formation \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, but also likely competes with Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ for binding sites on bacterial cell walls \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This competitive biosorption alleviates Cu\u0026sup2;⁺-induced toxicity, helping to maintain robust microbial urease activity (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eA, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA) and thus sustaining the carbonate generation essential for continuous immobilization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Mechanistic Insights into Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ Immobilization and Mineralogical Evidence\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significant enhancement of Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ immobilization upon Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ addition (up to 94.48%, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eC) can be attributed to two interconnected mechanisms, which are directly supported by comprehensive mineralogical and morphological characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis definitively established malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃) as the predominant copper-bearing crystalline phase, confirming direct precipitation as the primary immobilization route (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA). Concurrently, the precipitation of Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ as aragonite (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA) provided abundant nucleation sites, facilitating the heterogeneous growth and co-precipitation process \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated the formation of these carbonate minerals, showing characteristic vibrations for both malachite (~\u0026thinsp;1400, 1100\u0026ndash;1000 cm⁻\u0026sup1;) and aragonite (833 and 1079 cm⁻\u0026sup1;) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eB) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore critically, Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ likely functioned as a detoxifying agent. By competitively occupying cation-binding sites (e.g., carboxylate and phosphate groups) on the bacterial cell wall \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ reduced the intracellular uptake of toxic Cu\u0026sup2;⁺. This alleviation of metal stress was essential for maintaining robust urease activity (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eA, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA), which in turn ensured the sustained generation of carbonate ions required for immobilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided direct visual evidence of this interfacial interaction. Bacterial cell surfaces, smooth in the absence of Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eA), became roughened and coated with mineral aggregates upon exposure, acting as nucleation templates (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eB) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile aragonite was co-precipitated, the distinct malachite XRD peaks indicate that Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ incorporation into the calcium carbonate lattice was a secondary pathway under these conditions. However, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, which confirmed the close association of Ca and Cu within the mineral aggregates (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eD), suggests that surface adsorption or interfacial coprecipitation also occurred \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. SEM-EDS further revealed the composite microstructure, with oval-shaped aragonite crystals observed alongside irregular aggregates of malachite, providing direct elemental evidence of Cu sequestration via biogenic carbonate formation (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eC, D).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5. Process Integration for Ammonium Recovery via Struvite Crystallization\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging the substantial ammonium (NH₄⁺) by-product (reaching 7710 mg/L, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) is crucial for the sustainable application of MICP. In this study, 83.72% of the NH₄⁺ load was successfully recovered via crystallization as struvite (MgNH₄PO₄\u0026middot;6H₂O), reducing the concentration to 1255.14 mg L⁻\u0026sup1;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe precipitated product was confirmed to be high-purity struvite through comprehensive characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed excellent agreement with the reference pattern for orthorhombic struvite (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003eA). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further confirmed its identity, displaying characteristic vibration bands of the PO₄\u0026sup3;⁻ tetrahedron at 1008 cm⁻\u0026sup1; and 571 cm⁻\u0026sup1; (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003eB), consistent with standard spectra \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the product consisted of irregular, smooth-surfaced crystalline blocks (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003eC), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis verified its elemental composition (O, P, N, Mg), aligning with the theoretical formula of struvite (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003eD).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis recovery step effectively transforms a dissolved nitrogenous pollutant into a valuable slow-release fertilizer, closing the nutrient loop. The integration of nutrient recovery with metal immobilization substantially enhances the overall sustainability and practical applicability of the MICP process for wastewater treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrates that \u003cem\u003eSporosarcina koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 is a highly effective ureolytic bacterium for copper bioremediation via microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). The work elucidates a critical synergistic mechanism whereby the addition of Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ enhances Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ removal efficiency to 94.48% not only by providing an aragonite scaffold for co-precipitation but also by competitively mitigating Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ toxicity, thereby preserving essential microbial urease activity. Mineralogical analysis confirmed that copper is primarily sequestered as stable malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃). Furthermore, the integration of ammonium recovery as struvite (83.72% recovery) presents a viable strategy for managing nitrogenous by-products, advancing MICP toward a more sustainable and circular remediation technology. These findings provide both a mechanistic understanding and a practical framework for applying MICP in the treatment of copper-contaminated water. Future research should focus on optimizing this coupled process in continuous-flow systems and evaluating its efficacy in complex, multi-metal environments.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthorship contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWang Bin-hao\u003c/strong\u003e: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing original draft. \u003cstrong\u003eChen Nuo\u003c/strong\u003e: Investigation, Validation, Resources, writing original draft. \u003cstrong\u003eShen\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTing-yun\u003c/strong\u003e: Investigation, Validation, Resources. \u003cstrong\u003eFan Ting\u003c/strong\u003e: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. \u003cstrong\u003eSun Jing-yi\u003c/strong\u003e: Validation. \u003cstrong\u003eYang Li-yuan\u003c/strong\u003e: Validation. \u003cstrong\u003eJiang Ye-hong\u003c/strong\u003e: Validation. \u003cstrong\u003eChen Haiyan\u003c/strong\u003e: Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.: 41101485), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant no.: 2019YFC1805203), the Natural Science Research Key Projects in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province (Grant no.: KJ2019A0203), and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (S202510364191).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval the research does not involve humans or animals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent to participate the research does not use human subjects.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication the manuscript does not contain any images that are from other authors. Competing interests the authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHOU D, JIA X, WANG L et al (2025) Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health [J]. Science 388(6744):316\u0026ndash;321\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAKOTO O, YAKUBU S, OFORI L A et al (2023) Multivariate studies and heavy metal pollution in soil from gold mining area [J]. Heliyon 9(1):e12661\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLIU F, WANG X (2023) Spatial variations, health risk assessment, and source apportionment of soil heavy metals in the middle Yellow River Basin of northern China [J]. 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J Environ Chem Eng 11(2):109208\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"world-journal-of-microbiology-and-biotechnology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wibi","sideBox":"Learn more about [World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology](https://www.springer.com/journal/11274)","snPcode":"11274","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11274/3","title":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation, Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2, urease activity, Cu2+, immobilization, struvite","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMicrobial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging bioremediation technology for heavy metals. However, the application of MICP for copper (Cu\u0026sup2;⁺) remediation often faces challenges related to identifying robust microbial strains with high urease activity, elucidating the detailed immobilization mechanisms, and managing the ammonium by-product generated during urea hydrolysis. This study aimed to address these gaps by systematically investigating the novel ureolytic bacterium \u003cem\u003eSporosarcina koreensis\u003c/em\u003e Z-2 (\u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2) for Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ immobilization. The strain exhibited strong urease activity, peaking at 3476.67 U/mL, and produced carbonate at concentrations up to 14.01 g/L. \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 demonstrated good tolerance to Cu\u0026sup2;⁺, with growth marginally inhibited at \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;20 mg/L but significantly suppressed above 50 mg/L. The optimal Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ immobilization efficiency was 83.36% at 10 mg/L Cu\u0026sup2;⁺. The addition of CaCl₂ synergistically enhanced the removal rate to 94.48%, while 83.72% of the co-generated ammonium was recovered via struvite (MgNH₄PO₄\u0026middot;6H₂O) crystallization. Mineralogical characterization confirmed that the dominant precipitates were aragonite and basic copper carbonate (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃), clarifying the primary immobilization pathway. These findings demonstrate the integrated potential of \u003cem\u003eS. koreensis\u003c/em\u003e JZ-2 in MICP for efficient Cu\u0026sup2;⁺ remediation and simultaneous nutrient recovery from contaminated water.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Immobilization of Cu2+ Based on Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Urease-producing Strain Sporosarcina koreensis JZ-2","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-12 11:52:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8770596/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-19T15:54:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-19T07:22:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"4674280477127144430510806699997844873","date":"2026-05-12T12:53:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"305972581139759330551694305433782719722","date":"2026-05-11T06:32:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"181190838041554749180498482170391005862","date":"2026-05-10T14:57:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"14627785398297810448978841285190479152","date":"2026-05-10T14:23:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"185307686820501114553670209988674503044","date":"2026-05-09T15:56:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336855968120119884233266453042935291774","date":"2026-05-08T15:26:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T18:42:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"30354731065784521912786075577454269957","date":"2026-04-27T18:59:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-09T06:46:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T17:40:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T09:20:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology","date":"2026-02-03T03:42:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"world-journal-of-microbiology-and-biotechnology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wibi","sideBox":"Learn more about [World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology](https://www.springer.com/journal/11274)","snPcode":"11274","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11274/3","title":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bbafdd0a-2a0b-44c1-afa4-294ee162d612","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 12th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-19T15:54:40+00:00","index":64,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-19T07:22:38+00:00","index":63,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"4674280477127144430510806699997844873","date":"2026-05-12T12:53:31+00:00","index":62,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"305972581139759330551694305433782719722","date":"2026-05-11T06:32:15+00:00","index":60,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"181190838041554749180498482170391005862","date":"2026-05-10T14:57:22+00:00","index":59,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"14627785398297810448978841285190479152","date":"2026-05-10T14:23:28+00:00","index":58,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"185307686820501114553670209988674503044","date":"2026-05-09T15:56:38+00:00","index":57,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336855968120119884233266453042935291774","date":"2026-05-08T15:26:04+00:00","index":55,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T18:42:12+00:00","index":44,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-12T11:52:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-12 11:52:44","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8770596","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8770596","identity":"rs-8770596","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}