Understanding Patterns of the Gut Microbiome May Contribute to an Early Detection and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global public health problem, particularly prominent in developing countries. Early detection of T2DM and prediabetes is vital for reversing the outcome of disease, allowing early intervention. In the past decade various mi-crobiome-metabolome studies attempted to address the question whether there are any common microbial patterns which would indicate either prediabetic or diabetic gut microbial signatures. Because current studies have a high methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias, we have se-lected studies which adhered to similar design and methodology. We have performed a system-atic review to assess if there are any common changes in microbiome belonging to diabetic, pre-diabetic and healthy individuals. The presented here cross-sectional studies collectively covered a population of 65754 people, with 1800 in 2TD group, 2770 in prediabetic group and 61184 in control group. The overall microbial diversity scores were lower in T2D and prediabetes cohort in 86% of analysed herein studies. Re-programming microbiome is potentially one of the safest and long-lasting ways to eliminate diabetes in its early stages. The differences in abundance of certain microbial species could serve as an early warning for a dysbiotic gut environment and could be easily modified before the onset of disease by changes in lifestyle, through taking probi-otics, introducing diet modifications, or stimulating vagal nerve. This review shows how meta-genomic studies already had and will continue uncovering novel therapeutic targets (probiotics, prebiotics or targets for elimination from flora). This work clearly shows that gut microbiome intervention studies, if performed according to standard operating protocols using predefined analytic framework (e.g. STORMS), could be combined with other similar studies allowing broader conclusions from collating all global cohort studies efforts and eliminating the effect-size statistical insufficiency of a single study.