A gynaecological cause of spontaneous haemopneumothorax.

This case report describes a rare instance of spontaneous haemopneumothorax caused by catamenial endometriosis, where ectopic endometrial tissue implants on the diaphragm or pleura lead to cyclic bleeding and air leakage into the thoracic cavity. The authors present a clinical scenario involving a woman with recurrent chest pain and pneumothorax coinciding with her menstrual cycle, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing this condition from more common pulmonary causes. Key findings emphasize the importance of considering gynaecological origins in premenopausal women presenting with unexplained haemopneumothorax, particularly when symptoms follow a cyclical pattern. Relevance to endometriosis: This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically thoracic endometriosis syndrome manifesting as catamenial haemopneumothorax.

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