Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors

Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors Jingying Wang, Zhiwei Wu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Feb, 2024 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Most prior studies have investigated East Asian summer rainfall as a unified entity. This study investigates the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs), and the concurrent rainfall occurring between May and September from 1983 to 2021. Three distinct types of rainfall are identified: monsoon-only rainfall, TC-only rainfall, and monsoon-TC joint rainfall (MS-TC rainfall), each exhibiting its own unique characteristics. Monsoon-only rainfall is characterized by positive anomalies along the East Asian subtropical front, while a decrease in TC activity leads to negative rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP. TC-only rainfall, on the other hand, contributes to positive rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP, as more TCs exhibit westward movement. In the case of MS-TC rainfall, positive precipitation anomalies are observed in the Philippines, the Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan. These anomalies can be attributed to an increased northward movement of TCs during such rainfall events. During strong monsoon-only (TC-only) rainfall years, the tropical western Pacific experiences anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies, along with a westward (eastward) monsoon trough and Western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). In strong MS-TC years, a localized cyclonic anomaly dominates the Philippine Basin, resulting in an eastward shift of the monsoon trough and WNPSH. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in vertical wind shear (VWS) is observed in the tropical WNP during strong monsoon-only (TC-only) years, while a moderate decrease is observed in strong MS-TC years. Distinct influential factors are associated with each rainfall type. Preceding warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the offshore China seas and WNP, in conjunction with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), play a primary role in driving interannual variations of monsoon-only rainfall. ENSO serves as the principal modulator of interannual variations in TC-only rainfall. Additionally, anomalous thermal conditions in the Maritime Continent (MC) act as major drivers for MS-TC rainfall. This study enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and influential factors contributing to the diverse patterns of East Asian summer rainfall. monsoon-TC joint rainfall East Asian summer monsoon Western North Pacific tropical cyclone air-sea interaction interannual variation mechanisms Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Feb, 2024 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Aug, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Aug, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 17 Aug, 2023 First submitted to journal 16 Aug, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3261895","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":228252400,"identity":"f39af1cd-7275-4b34-91e1-6237eeaef3dd","order_by":0,"name":"Jingying Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDUlEQVRIie3RMUvEMBTA8XcEcsuTrimC9xUiBUWqd1+lIdDbRBGkY0GIix/gBj9EVrcXAroU58ItJ4KTQw/hVg23aktHh/zHkB9JXgBisX9Ywhi5Tp4jn9ZqUwHbr4ohkt4b5UVVHiVI77IZQ2TTZISNz9KV+hCjCLSFpNQwZUmXlTP57BSYWyPML/vEZFUUdG14IM9l68zy+KnmOkfQN32EiYLCKaiseyjXW+MnlvDkEIFU3UO4UDUdGKGsT3ZXzviFpWQ3SBA9hOfLLDVQQiDhhsgHiZgaCEMuwpBBC3pdaut5dvYodS9Z+ORr28lv5LON6ug2v7Avd2/tZzXvJX+0/xo5fn8sFovFfvcDgY9jUFQOJDQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingying","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":228252401,"identity":"fe2634ce-2001-453f-9550-eae30242e433","order_by":1,"name":"Zhiwei Wu","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-2215","institution":"Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhiwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-08-14 08:29:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07120-6","type":"published","date":"2024-02-23T15:00:47+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":51648197,"identity":"98aaab0b-96ac-474c-ab91-b5ff5d24eed7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-26 15:09:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2396523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"mainpaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3261895/v1_covered_1fcbce3b-2026-4f6c-b6f1-74c9ecd2dfc9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"monsoon-TC joint rainfall, East Asian summer monsoon, Western North Pacific tropical cyclone, air-sea interaction, interannual variation mechanisms","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMost prior studies have investigated East Asian summer rainfall as a unified entity. This study investigates the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs), and the concurrent rainfall occurring between May and September from 1983 to 2021. Three distinct types of rainfall are identified: monsoon-only rainfall, TC-only rainfall, and monsoon-TC joint rainfall (MS-TC rainfall), each exhibiting its own unique characteristics. Monsoon-only rainfall is characterized by positive anomalies along the East Asian subtropical front, while a decrease in TC activity leads to negative rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP. TC-only rainfall, on the other hand, contributes to positive rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP, as more TCs exhibit westward movement. In the case of MS-TC rainfall, positive precipitation anomalies are observed in the Philippines, the Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan. These anomalies can be attributed to an increased northward movement of TCs during such rainfall events.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring strong monsoon-only (TC-only) rainfall years, the tropical western Pacific experiences anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies, along with a westward (eastward) monsoon trough and Western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). In strong MS-TC years, a localized cyclonic anomaly dominates the Philippine Basin, resulting in an eastward shift of the monsoon trough and WNPSH. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in vertical wind shear (VWS) is observed in the tropical WNP during strong monsoon-only (TC-only) years, while a moderate decrease is observed in strong MS-TC years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistinct influential factors are associated with each rainfall type. Preceding warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the offshore China seas and WNP, in conjunction with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), play a primary role in driving interannual variations of monsoon-only rainfall. ENSO serves as the principal modulator of interannual variations in TC-only rainfall. Additionally, anomalous thermal conditions in the Maritime Continent (MC) act as major drivers for MS-TC rainfall. This study enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and influential factors contributing to the diverse patterns of East Asian summer rainfall.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-08-28 03:36:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261895/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2023-08-23T04:34:29+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2023-08-23T00:50:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-08-17T15:34:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Climate Dynamics","date":"2023-08-16T23:56:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e198b157-532c-4f6b-a657-0f1e9594133c","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 28th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-02-26T15:02:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3261895","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07120-6","journal":{"identity":"climate-dynamics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Climate Dynamics"},"publishedOn":"2024-02-23 15:00:47","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 23rd, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-08-28 03:36:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00382-024-07120-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07120-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3261895","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3261895","identity":"rs-3261895","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}